A. Amateka, n’ Ubumwe bw’ Abanyarwanda

Iki gice cya gatatu nifuje kuvuga ku mateka y’ u Rwanda. Amateka y’ u Rwanda usanga bamwe batayumvikanaho n’ abandi, ariko nifashishije ayo naboneye inyandiko cyangwa ibitabo kandi aganisha ku bushakashatsi bujyanye n’ umurimo w’ Imana uko watangiye mu Rwanda. Birashoboka kandi ko amateka nashoboye kubona yaba ahera hino cyane ugereranije n’ igihe igihugu cy’uRwanda cyatangiriye kwitwa igihugu. Ubwo rero sinakwihandagaza ngo mvuge ko amateka nayavuye imuzi, ahubwo nibwo bushobozi bwashoboye kuboneka kugeza uyu munsi. 3. U Rwanda mbere y’ Ubukoloni Kuvuga amateka y’u Rwanda uyahereye imuzi, cyangwa se kumenya ibihe nyirizina ibikorwa byagiye biberaho, biragoye bitewe n’uko aya mateka yagiye atinda gushyirwa mu nyandiko, bityo akaburirwa ikirari. Ibi byaterwaga n’uko Abanyarwanda batinze kumenya kwandika, aho babimenyeye hari ibyari byaribagiranye, cyangwa n’ibyanditswe ugasanga bigoramye bitewe n’uwabyanditse. Amateka atubwira ko u Rwanda rwaremwe mu kinyejana cya 11 (1091), ruremwe n’Umwami Gihanga Ngomijana. Rwari igihugu gito, gituranye n’ibihugu by’ibikeba kandi bifite imbaraga bya Bugesera na Gisaka (ubu ni mu Ntara y’uburasirazuba). Abami b’u Rwanda bagiye batera ibi bihugu bakabyigarurira, u Rwanda ruraguka rugera ku kiyaga cya Kivu. Mu kinyejana cya 15, Abanyoro baturutse mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda bararwigaruriye. Umwami Ruganzu Ndoli ni we wongeye kwigarurira twa turere twose tw’u Rwanda mu kinyejana cya 16 (1510), amara imyaka isaga 30 ku ngoma. Guhera icyo gihe, ubwami bw’u Rwanda bwatangiye gusugira mu karere, aho rwageraga mu mbibi za Repubulika Iharanira Demukarasi ya Kongo y’ubu, rugakomeza mu Bugande hafi y’ikiyaga cya Edward.

4. U Rwanda mu gihe cy’ ubukoloni Nyuma y’inama yabereye i Berlin mu Budage mu mwaka w’1884, u Rwanda rwahawe igihugu cy’u Budage. Icyo gihe rwafatanijwe n’u Burundi bikora icyiswe Ruanda-Urundi, ubukoloni butangira ubwo. Abadage bahise barufatanya kandi n’icyitwaga Tanganyika (Repubulika ya Tanzaniya y’ubu) mu burasirazuba, bahinduramo icyiswe “German East Africa”, ni ukuvuga “Afurika y’uburasirazuba y’Ubudage.” Umwera wabaye uwa mbere mu gucengera iki gihugu mu mwaka w’1894, ni Gustav Adolf von Götzen, yambukira mu majyepfo y’uburasirazuba ahinguka ku kiyaga cya Kivu, aho yahuriye n’umwami. Guhera ubwo, Ubudage bwahise bwimika mu Rwanda umutegetsi w’ikirenga bwise Rezida (Resident), akurikirwa n’abamisiyoneri n’abasirikare b’Abadage. Abadage ntibwashenye ku mugaragaro umuco busanze, ariko bivanze mu mirimo y’ibwami ndetse bashyira abajyanama ku bashefu bayoboraga amasheferi (chefferies). Ni bo kandi bagabanije amoko mu Banyarwanda ndetse barayashyigikira. Nyuma y’intambara ya mbere y’isi yarangiye mu mwaka w’1919, Ruanda-Urundi yambuwe Ubudage ihabwa Ububiligi, binyuze m’Umuryango w’Ubumwe bw’Ibihugu (League of Nations). Ababiligi bivanze mu butegetsi mu buryo buziguye (Direct Rule) kurusha Abadage: mu burezi; ubuzima; imirimo ya Leta no mu buhinzi n’ubworozi. Uko abaturage bagiye biyongera, Abakoloni b’Ababiligi bagendaga bahingisha ibihingwa bishya, ndetse bakanakoresha ubuhanga butandukanye mu buhinzi mu rwego rwo kugabanya inzara. Ntibyabahiriye ariko, kuko batashoboye guhangana na Ruzagayura yahitanye hafi kimwe cya gatatu cy’abaturage mu mwaka w’1943 kugeza 1944.
5. Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda mbere y’ umwaduko w’ abazungu.
   Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda bwahozeho mbere y’Abazungu. Bamwe bandika muri iki gihe bavuga ko ubwicanyi bw’itsembabwoko n’itsembatsemba bwabaye mu Rwanda kuva mu 1959 kugera kuri rurangiza yo mu wa 1994, bwashinze imizi mu mibanire mibi y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi mbere y’umwaduko w’Abazungu. Ibyo byanditswe na bamwe mu Bazungu.
   Ukuri kw’amateka ni uko mbere y’Abazungu, ni ukuvuga mbere y’umwaka wa 1900, ari bwo Abamisiyonari gatolika batangiye gutura mu gihugu cyacu, hari haganje ubumwe butajegajega hagati y’Abanyarwanda: nta ntambara n’imwe y’amoko bagiranye mbere y’uwo mwaka. Ibyerekeye ubumwe mbere y’umwaduko w’Abazungu turabisuzuma mu ngingo eshatu: turabanza kuvuga abari bagize ubwo bumwe, dukurikizeho ibyaburangaga (ibishyitsi byabwo), dusozereze ku byari bibubangamiye kuko ngo “nta byera ngo de !”.
6. a. Ubumwe bwari bugizwe na bande?Ubwo bumwe bwari ubw’Abanyarwanda bose: Abahutu, Abatutsi n’Abatwa. Bose bari bagize icyo abakurambere bitaga “Rubanda rw’umwami”. Bose kandi bari bazi ko ari Abanyarwanda, ko u Rwanda ari igihugu cyabo, ko nta wushobora kuvuga ko akirushaho abandi uburenganzira. N’ubwo bavugaga ko u Rwanda ari urw’umwami (Nyirurwanda, Nyirigihugu), bahamyaga ko “umwami agirwa n’ingabo”.
7. Hari n’abandi Banyarwanda batari Abahutu ntibabe Abatutsi, ntibabe Abatwa: abo ni Abanyambo, Abahima, Abakiga b’i Ndorwa, Abashi n’abandi. Ibisobanuro by’ubwo bumwe biragaragarira ahanini mu ngingo ikurikira. Ibyarangaga ubumwe (ibishyitsi by’ubumwe)
8. Ibi ni ibyarangaga ubumwe igihe cy’abami,: ubwoko (amoko, ingero: Abagesera, Abega, Abanyiginya, Abasinga), ururimi, umuco, idini, umwami, imitunganyirize imwe y’inzego (z’ubutegetsi, z’umubano, z’ubukungu, z’agaciro k’ibintu, z’imiturire).
9. b. Ubwoko (mu byu, “ubwoko” cyangwa “amoko”)
10. Ayo ni ya moko bakunze kuvuga ko ari 18, n’ubwo umubare wayo ugibwaho impaka, kuko nka Alexis Kagame ahamya ko ari 15. Icy’ingenzi ni ukumenya ko Abanyarwanda bose Abahutu, Abatutsi, Abatwa, bari bahuriye kuri ayo moko uko ari 18. Ayo moko ni aya: Abasinga, Abasindi, Abazigaba, Abagesera, Abanyiginya, Abega, Ababanda, Abacyaba, Abungura, Abashambo, Abatsobe, Abakono, Abaha, Abashingo, Abanyakarama, Abasita, Abongera n’Abenengwe (rb. M. d’Hertefelt, Les clans du Rwanda ancien).
11. Abantu benshi, barimo abanditsi, bibajije impamvu y’uko gusangira ubwoko bwe, yahitaga asubiza atagingimiranye ko ari Umusinga, Umuzigaba, Umusindi, Umwega, Umubanda, nb.; ntabwo yatekerezaga ko bamubaza niba ari Umutwa, Umututsi cyangwa Umuhutu.
12. Ikindi ni uko kimwe mu byahuzaga Abanyarwanda mu gufashanya, mu kugobokana ari ubwoko (nk’ubwoko bw’Abatsobe, Abungura, Abanyakarama, Abongera, nb.): umugenzi w’Umusinga (yaba Umuhutu, yaba Umututsi cyangwa Umutwa) yageraga mu bandi Basinga, akakirwa neza, mbese akisanga. Ubuse (bushingiye ku bwoko “clans”) bwahuzaga Abanyarwanda. Ubuse ni isano abantu baba bafitanye rigaragarira mu mihango nk’iyo gutsirora cyangwa kuzirura, kweza. Ukora iyo mihango akitwa “umuse”.

44
c. Ururimi: Ikinyarwanda
Hari Inkoranya (= Inkoranyamagambo: dictionnaire) yamaze gutunganywa na I.R.S.T. (Butare). Ni amagambo y’ikinyarwanda asobanuye mu kinyarwanda, hakabamo n’ingero nyinshi. Umuntu ufite kuzirikana wese, ntiyabura kwiyumvisha ko na n’ubu ikinyarwanda kidufatiye runini. Abanyarwanda bahuriye ku rurimi rumwe. Muri Afurika, ibihugu bifite bene ayo mahirwe ni bike.
d. Umuco (culture)
Ni ukuvuga imico, imihango, imigenzo, imiziririzo, ubugeni, ubukorikori, ubuvanganzo, imbyino, ubuvuzi bw’abantu n’ubw’amatungo. nb. Idini: kwemera Imana imwe Iby’idini bamwe bita “Iyobokamana” bishingiye ku kwemera Imana no kubaha abakurambere, guterekera abazimu, kubandwa, kuraguza. Guterekera byahuzaga abazimu n’ abapfuye: kwari ukubibuka. Ababaga barahuriye mu mandwa, umwe yarabyaye undi mu mandwa, bagiranaga umubano w’umubyeyi n’umwana, ndetse n’abana babo bikabageraho bakamera nk’abavandimwe.
Abahutu, Abatwa n’Abatutsi babandirwaga hamwe nta kurobanura, uwo bereje akabandisha abandi. Uko kutironda guterwa n’uko imandwa (ababandwa), iyo ziri mu muhango wo kubandwa, ziba zitakiri abantu basanzwe ngo zigombe kwifata nkabo. Ubuvandimwe bwo mu mandwa ni ikintu gikomeye cyahuzaga Abanyarwanda.
e. Umwami
Umwami yari ipfundo ry’Abanyarwanda bose. Abasizi banamwitaga Sebantu (= se w’abantu bose bo mu Rwanda). Kandi iyo yamaraga kwimikwa, bavugaga ko “atakiri umututsi”, ari umwami wa rubanda. Kandi mu mibereho ya buri munsi, Abahutu, Abatutsi n’Abatwa bishyikiraga ku mwami. Cyaraziraga guheza umuntu kubera uko areshya, kubera uko asa uwabishakaga yageraga ku mwami. Muri gahunda yo kwagura u Rwanda, nta mwanya w’amakimbirane hagati y’Abahutu, Abatutsi n’Abatwa. Bose umwami yabahurizaga kuri uwo mugambi.
Imitunganyirize y’inzego zariho: (ubutegetsi, umubano, ubucamanza). – Imitunganyirize ya politiki yari isobekeranye n’iyo kuboneza iby’intambara ku buryo Abanyarwanda bose, Abatutsi, Abahutu, Abatwa bagiraga umutwe w’ingabo bahuriyeho: Abashakamba, Uruyange, Abarasa, nb. – Nta wakwibagirwa ubuhake aho bwari bwiganje: abantu bahuriraga kuri shebuja umwe bagataramana, bakaganira, bagafashanya. Ku Banyarwanda bose umukobwa yitwaga “gahuzamiryango”, akitwa “nyampinga’ yakiraga abantu nta gusuzugura, akaba yagira n’uruhare runini mu gukiranura imiryango ageza ubutumwa bwe muri gacaca, iyo yabaga amaze kurongorwa no kubyara.
Abanyarwanda bose bari bafite urukundo rw’igihugu cyabo, bakumva ko bahuriye ku bunyarwanda. Umuhanga mu mateka w’umufaransa, Louis de Lacger, yatangajwe n’ukuntu Abanyarwanda bo mu bya 1930 barangwaga no kwiyumvisha ko

45
basangiye igihugu kimwe ko bagikunda ku buryo bugaragara (patriotisme/patriotism); uwo mwanditsi ahamya ko bimwe mu byabaye intandaro y’urwo rukundo rw’igihugu, ari ururimi rumwe rukumbi.
f. Imiturire
Nta karere k’Abahutu, nta karere k’Abatutsi cyangwa Abatwa. Abo bose bari bavangitiranye mu miturire. Hari ukugobokana kwari gushingiye ku guturana (kandi ngo: “abaturanyi babyarana abana basa”). Muri make, mbere y’Abazungu, Abanyarwanda bose bari bafite ubumwe bushingiye ku mwami umwe, n’urukundo rw’igihugu, bakavuga ururimi rumwe, bakagira umuco umwe, ukwemera kumwe kandi bakihatira gutuza bagaturana, bakuzuzanya mu byo bakeneye mu mibereho yabo ya buri munsi. N’umwami yabaga akeneye umupfumu umuterera utuyuzi n’Abiru bamugira inama kandi rero umupfumu bamuhitagamo bakurikije ubushobozi bwe nta kindi.
g. Ibyari bibangamiye ubumwe
Ntibishoboka kwirengagiza ko mu Rwanda rw’abami, Abatwa bahawe akato, bakanenwa by’umwihariko. Na none ntabwo bahejwe ibwami no mu batware, ndetse bamwe bashyingiwe abakobwa b’abakomeye, ariko uko kunenwa ntikwazimiye. Icya kabiri cyabangamiye ubumwe ni inzangano n’imirwano y’abaharaniraga ingoma. Urugero rwa hafi ni Rucunshu (Komini Nyamabuye – Gitarama) abantu baricanye bitewe n’uko bamwe bashakaga kwica umwami Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa ngo bamusimbuze Musinga mwene
Kigeri IV Rwabugiri na Kanjogera. Ibyo byabaye mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1896. Ubwo kandi Abazungu bari barashinze ibirindiro ku nkiko y’u Rwanda i Shangi (muri Cyangugu). Umuntu yavuga ko igihe Abazungu bari basatiriye u Rwanda bagamije ubukoloni, naho abamisiyonari bakazana idini yabo, Abanyarwanda bo mu rwego rwo hejuru (ibwami n’ibutware) bari mu mwiryane nta politiki bahuriyeho: Ibyo byahaye Abazungu icyuho bitabagoye.
Ubumwe abanyarwanda bari basanganywe bwagiye bukendera buhoro buhoro.
B. ABAMI, IBIMANUKA, ABAGABEKAZI, ABIRU, AMOKO Y’ ABANYARWANDA
Muri iki gika navuze ku Bami b’URwanda, ku Bimanuka, ku Bagabekazi, ku Biru, ku Moko y’ Abanyarwanda. Impamvu nkuru yabinteye nuko Aba Misiyoneri bahinduye Bibliya Yera mu Kinyarwanda bahawe inkunga ikomeye n’ abiru b’ Umwami. Bityo rero, nta kuntu nari kuvuga ku Biru b’ Umami maze nkirengagiza Umwami. Bityo rero

46
Abami bajemo gutyo, biba ngombwa rero ko mvuga no ku Bagabekazi. Amoko y’ Abanyarwanda nayo yavuzweho kuko utavuga ku mateka y’ URwanda ngo wirengagize amoko yarwo.

1. Abami b’ u Rwanda
   Ubucurabwenge bwigisha ko u [Rwanda] rwimye [Abami] 43, kuva ku ngoma za mbere kugeza ku ya Mutara Rudahigwa, kuko [Alexis Kagame] yabwiwe Ubucurabwenge ku ngoma y’uwo mwami, aba ariwe aheraho. Ayo mazina yose yarondorwaga mu gihe cy’imihango yo kwimika umwami. Bavugaga amazina y’Umwami n’ay’Umugabekazi bamaze kwimika, bakarondora n’aya ba se na ba nyina, n’ibisekuruza byabo bombi, bagakomeza batyo ku bami bose, kuzageza kuri Nkuba, ari we [Shyerezo], akaba inkomoko y'[Abami] b’u [Rwanda].
   Ayo mazina murayasanga mu gice kiyarondora nk’uko [Alexis Kagame] yayanditse mu Nganji Kalinga (Amasekuruza y’Abami b’u Rwanda). Hano tugiye gufata ay’Abami n’Abagabekazi gusa, tutavuze ibisekururuza by’ Abagabekazi, maze tuyakurikiranye, dukurikije bya bihembwe tumaze kuvuga: Abami b’Ibimanuka, Abami b’Umushumi, Abami b’Ibitekerezo.
2. Uruhererekane rw’ Abami b’ u Rwanda
   a. Abami b’imishumi (descendants of Ibimanuka gods) – B.C.E • Gihanga • Kanyarwanda I Gahima I • Rumeza I • Yuhi I Musindi • Rumeza II • Nyarume • Rubanda (Lugalbanda) • Ndahiro I Bamara (Wamala) • Ndahiro II Ruyange • Ndahiro III Ndoba
3. • Ndahiro IV Samembe • Nsoro I Samukondo • Nsoro II Byinshi • Ruganzu I Bwimba • Cyilima Rugwe b. 1st Abami b’ibitekerezo (1st Common Era Kings) • Kigeli I Mukobanya • Mibambwe I Sekarongoro I Mutabazi • Yuhi II Gahima II • Ndahiro V Cyamatare c. 2nd Abami Bibitekerezo (2nd Common Era Kings) • Ruganzu II Ndoli • Karemera Rwaka • Mutara I Nsoro III Semugeshi • Kigeli II Nyamuheshera (1576–1609) • Mibamwe II Sekarongoro II Gisanura (1609–1642) • Yuhi III Mazimpaka (1642–1675) • Cyilima II Rujugira (1675–1708) • Kigeli III Ndabarasa (1708–1741) • Mibambwe III Mutabazi II Sentabyo (1741–1746) • Yuhi IV Gahindiro (1746–1802) • Mutara II Rwogera (1802–1853) • Kigeli IV Rwabugiri (1853–1895) • Mibambwe IV Rutarindwa (1895 – November 1896) • Yuhi V Musinga (November 1896 – 12 November 1931) • Mutara III Rudahigwa (12 November 1931 – 25 July 1959) • Kigeli V Ndahindurwa (28 July 1959 – 28 January 1961)

48

3. Ibimanuka
   Duhereye ku Nkomoko y’Abanyiginya, Shyerezo Nkuba, dore amazina Ibimanuka:
4. Syerezo Nkuba
5. Kigwa
6. Muntu
7. Kimanuka
8. Kijuru
9. Kobo
10. Merano
11. Randa
12. Gisa
13. Kizira
14. Kazi
15. Gihanga
    Uyu mubare wa 12 tuwugeraho iyo tubabariyemo Shyerezo Gihanga. Ariko dushobora kutababariramo. Uti kuki? Nti kubera ko Shyerezo, n’ubwo ari we Se w’Abami bose, ni “Umwami wo Hejuru, kandi ntiyigeze amanuka, ngo abe yabarirwa muri ibyo Bimanuka. Gihanga na we akaba yari Ikimanuka ku bwa se, ariko nyina ari Umusangwabutakakazi, utari Ikimanuka. Wakuramo ayo mazina yombi rero, umubare w’Ibimanuka ukaba 10.
    Ibi by’imibare ariko na none ni ibya kizungu. Iyo bavuga amazina mu kinyarwanda, bayavuga nyine nk’ibisekuruza, batya:
    “Gihanga ni uwa Kazi ka Kizira cya Gisa cya Randa rya Merano ya Kobo ka Kijuru cya Kimanuka cya Muntu wa Kigwa cya Nkuba, ari we Shyerezo”.
    Iyo bageze aha, bongeraho iri jambo: “Ngaho iyo mwama Mukuru wa Samukondo Mu mizi yanyu mikuru”.
    Ibi rero ni ibivugirwaga mu mihango y’Ubwimika, babwira Abami bati “Aho mw’ijuru kwa Shyerezo ni ho mukomoka, kandi ni yo mwama”, kuko Abami bahorana n’Imana. Ni nako baramutswaga, ngo “Gahorane Imana, Nyagasani!”

49
Nimureba mu Nganji Kalinga, aho Kagame asobanura uko yabwiwe Ubucurabwenge, murasanga aho avuga ko bwamenywaga na benshi batari Abacurabwenge, nabo bakajya babuvuga. Kandi koko nta banga ryabagamo: ibi bisekuruza Abami babaga babisangiye n’abandi banyarwanda benshi bahuje ubwoko, kandi byabaga ari ibintu bigenewe Rubanda, bigangazwa ku Karubanda, Abami bamaze kwima, ngo igihugu cyose kibamenye amavo n’amavuko.
Hari n’ubundi buryo bwo kuvuga aya mazina, bije nk’uca umugani:

1. Inkomoko y’Abami n’Abantu ni Shyerezo
2. Shyerezo yabyaye Kigwa
3. Kigwa abyara Muntu
4. Muntu abyara Kimanuka
5. Kimanuka abyara Kijuru
6. Kijuru abyara Kobo
7. Kobo abyara Merano
8. Merano abyara Randa
9. Randa abyara Gisa
10. Gisa abyara Kizira
11. Kizira abyara Kazi
12. Kazi abyara Gihanga cyahanze inka n’ingoma
    Imibare na none ni twe tuyiyongereyeho, kugira ngo twerekane uko bigenda biringanira, uko bivuzwe kwose.
13. Abagabekazi
    Nta Bagabekazi kandi bavugwa ku ngoma z’Ibimanuka, usibye Nyina wa Kigwa, ari we Gasani, Umwamikazi wo mw’Ijuru, na Nyina wa Muntu, Nyampundu, ari na we mushiki wa Kigwa. Nta wundi bongera kuvuga, kugeza kuri Nyina wa Gihanga. Muntu yari afite mushiki we akurikira, Sukiranya, imfura ya Kigwa, waje kurongorwa na Sewabo Mututsi, babyarana Serwega na Mukono na Muha, ari bo Ibibanda bikomokaho. Ibibanda ni bwa bwoko bubyara Abagabekazi. Ibibanda biba bine: abo tuvuze batatu bakomoka ku Bimanuka – Abega, Abaha n’Abakono – ubwoko bwa kane bukaba ubwo mu Basangwabutaka. Abagabekazi ba mbere bavukaga mu miryango y’Abasangwabutaka, b’Abazigaba n’abandi Basinga. Mwibuke kandi ko Kagame yatubwiye ko Abazigaba, hamwe n’Abarenge, mbese n’abandi benshi mu Basangwabutaka, ari imiryango y’Abasinga.

50
• Nyirarukangaga nyina wa Gihanga yari umukobwa w’Abasinga b’Abazigaba bo mu Mazinga ya Mubari, Nyamigezi ya Kabeja.
• Nyina wa Kanyarwanda Gahima, mwene Gihanga, yari umukobwa wa Jeni rya Rurenge rwa Kabeja.
• Nyina wa Ruganzu Bwimba yari Umusingakazi
• Nyirarumaga, wa Mugabekazi wimanye ingoma na Ruganzu Ndori, yari Umusingakazi.
Ariko uwo ni we wabaye uwa nyuma: kuva kuri Ruganzu Ndori, Abasinga ntibongeye gusubira ku ngoma. Basimbujwe Abagesera.

5. Ibisekuru by’ abami n’ abagabekazi
   Kera u Rwanda rwagiraga abanyabwenge bitwa Abacurabwenge, bakabaari bo bamenyaga ibisekuruza by’Abami n’Abagabekazi. Abashakashatsi b’Abazungu, nka ba Padiri André Pagès (1933) n’abandi, bagiye bandika amwe muri ayo mazina, ariko bakandika ibyo bakuye muri Rubanda, bituzuye, kandi bidakurikiranya ayo mazina neza. Padiri Alexis Kagame ni we waje kumenya ko haba abagenewe uwo murimo, arabegera, bamubwira Ibisekuruza by’Abami n’Abagabekazi. Arabyandika, aza kubisohora mu gitabo Inganji Kalinga, mu gice yise “Ubucurabwenge”.
   Ubundi ariko, ijambo “ubucurabwenge” si ukuvuga iryo rondora ry’ayo mazina gusa. Ahubwo ni ubumenyi bw’icyo ayo mazina agenda yerekana, uko u Rwanda – ari yo si yose nyine – rwavutse, rugakura, rugaca ubwenge, rurerwa n’Abami. Abacurabwenge batubwira ko Abami ba mbere na mbere bakomokaga mw’ijuru, bavuka kuri Sabizeze, mwene Nkuba, “Umwami wo Hejuru”. [Sabizeze] rero yari yavutse mu gicuba nyina yabuganijemo amata akagishyiramo umutima w’imana yeze, amaze gukura, yumva nyina Gasani avuga uko kuntu yavutse, biramurakaza, arivumbura, ati “sinduraramo.” Nibwo rero amanutse kw’isi. Ni n’aho izina rya “Kigwa” ryaturutse.
   Kigwa amanuka mw’ijuru, aza kw’isi, yururukiye ahitwa ku Rutare rwa Kinani mu Mubari. Yamanukanye na Mukuru we Mututsi, na Mushiki wabo Nyampinga. Ahasanga abo bita Abasangwabutaka, arabahaka, nabo baramuyoboka, bigezeho arashaka, abyara Muntu, Se w’Abantu bose bo kw’isi.
   Abo Bami baturutse mw’ijuru bitwa Ibimanuka. Bibera aho, ibihe birahita, ibindi birataha. Kera kabaye, bene Muntu bamaze gucura ubwenge, Ibimanuka birataha, bisubira mw’ijuru, u Rwanda bisiga biruraze [Gihanga] cya Kazi. Bene Gihanga rero ni bo bitwa Abami b’Umushumi.
   Se wa Gihanga, Kazi, yari Ikimanuka, ariko yari yarashatse Nyirarukangaga rwa Nyamigezi ya Kabeja, umwami w’Abazigaba, bakaba Abasangwabutaka. Murumva rero ko Gihanga yari “ikivange” cy’abaturutse mw’ijuru n’abakuriye kw’isi.

51
Abami b’Umushumi nabo bakazakurikirwa n’abitwa Abami b’Ibitekerezo. Ng’iyo inkomoko y’Abami b’Urwanda, kandi ni nayo y’Abantu bose.

6. Abami b’ Umushumi
   Abami b’Umushumi bakomoka kuri Gihanga. Se wa Gihanga, Kazi, yari
   Ikimanuka nk’uko twabivuze. Ubwo rero Gihanga yari “ikivange” cy’Ikimanuka kiva mw’ijuru, n’Umusangwabutakakazi.
   Dore Abami b’Umushumi, n’Abagabekazi babo:
7. GIHANGA Ngomijana + Nyiragihanga Nyirarukangaga
8. Kanyarwanda Gahima + Nyirakanyarwanda Nyamususa
9. Yuhi Musindi + Nyirayuhi Nyamata
10. Rukuge + Nyirarukuge Nyirankindi
11. Nyarume + Nyiranyarume Nyirashyoza
12. Rumeza + Nyirarumeza Kirezi
13. Rubanda + Nyirarubanda Nkundwa
14. Ndahiro Ruyange + Nyirandahiro Cyizigira
15. Ndoba Samembe + Nyirandoba Monde
16. Nsoro Samukondo + Nyiransoro Magondo
17. Ruganzu Bwimba + Nyiraruganzu Nyakanga
18. Cyirima Rugwe + Nyiracyirima Nyakiyaga
    Uku ariko si ko Kagame yabyanditse: n’ubwo atandukanya ibyo bice bitatu – Ibimanuka, Umushumi, Ibitekerezo – akavuga n’uko bihererekanya, aho yandikiye amazina yabo ntiyagiye ayatandukanya atyo, ahubwo yayashyize hamwe. Kandi hari n’ayo yagiye areka, akayakuramo, ngo n’iby’amarenga. Icyiza cye ariko ni uko atubwira aho Abacurabwenge bo bayashyiraga, akanatubwira n’igitumye ayakuyemo. Ubanza rero twayasubizamo yose, kuko mu by’ukuri ayo azina yose arimo amarenga. N’irya Gihanga ni amarenga, ashaka kutwumvisha ko ari we wahanze byose. Dukuyemo amazina afite icyo aduciraho amarenga, ngira ngo ntaryo twasiga.

52
Ikindi, turayavuga tuyashyize muri ibyo bice bitatu, dukurikije ibivugwa mu Bitekerezo no mu Migani, mu Bisigo no mu bindi bya Kinyarwanda. Tuzi twese ko Ibimanuka bitangirira kuri Kigwa mwene Shyerezo, bigaharagarira kuri Gihanga cya Kazi. Ubwo hakaba hatangiye Ab’Umushumi, kuzageza kuri Nsoro Samukondo n’umuhungu we Ruganzu Bwimba. Ab’Ibitekerezo rero bagatangirira kuri Cyirima Rugwe, ikimenyetso cyabo kikaba gukurikirana kwa kundi muzi, babisikana batya:
Cyirima – Kigeri – Mibambwe – Yuhi – Mutara – Kigeri – Mibambwe – Yuhi – Cyirima – Kigeri – Mibamwe – Yuhi – Cyirima – Kigeri -etc.
Ubwo buryo mu kizungu babwita “succession en spirales cycliques”, ou “en cycles spiralés”. Aho rero ntawakwibeshya. Icyakora Kagame yakuyemo amazina abiri, avuga ko yari ay’abami b’inzibacyuho (Karemera Rwaka) cg se bateemewe (Mibambwe Rutarindwa), ariko ibyo ntawabikurikiza: ibyo ari byo byose, babaye abami b’Urwanda, nta mpamvu yo kubakuramo. Dore amazina y’abo Bami:.

7. Abami b’ Ibitekerezo
8. Cyirima Rugwe + Nyiracyirima Nyakiyaga
9. Kigeri Mukobanya + Nyirakigeri Nyankuge
10. Mibambwe-Mutabazi Sekarongoro + Nyiramibambwe Nyabadaha
11. Yuhi Gahima + Nyirayuhi Matama
    Ndahiro Cyamatare + Nyirandahiro Nyirangabo Ruganzu Ndori + Nyiraruganzu Nyirarumaga
12. Mutara Semugeshi + Nyiramavugo Nyirakabogo
13. Kigeri Nyamuheshera + Nyirakigeri Ncenderi
14. Mibambwe-Mutabazi Gisanura + Nyiramibambwe Nyabuhoro
15. Yuhi Mazimpaka + Nyirayuhi Nyamarembo
    Karemera Rwaka + Nyirakaremera Rukoni
16. Cyirima Rujugira + Nyiracyirima Kirongoro
17. Kigeri Ndabarasa + Nyirakigeri Rwesero

53

3. Mibambwe Sentabyo + Nyiramibambwe Nyiratamba
4. Yuhi Gahindiro + Nyirayuhi Nyiratunga
5. Mutara Rwogera + Nyiramavugo Nyiramongi
6. Kigeri Rwabugiri + Nyirakigeli Murorunkwere
7. Mibambwe Rutarindwa + Nyiramibwambwe Kanjogera
8. Yuhi Musinga + Nyirayuhi Kanjogera
9. Mutara Rudahigwa + Nyiramavugo Kankazi
10. Kigeri Ndahindurwa + Nyirakigeri Mukashema
    Murebye mu Nganji Kalinga, cyangwa se no mu bindi bitabo bya Padri Kagame, muzasanga avuga ko Umugabekazi nyina wa Ruganzu Ndori ari Nyiraruganzu Nyabacuzi. Uwo koko yari nyina wamubyaye mu nda (ku by’umubiri). Ariko tuzi ko Ndori yimye nyina yarapfuye: yaguye muri ya ntambara y’Abashi, ha handi Mu Miko y’Abakobwa, ajyana n’abandi Bamikazi, n’abagore n’abakobwa bose bari kumwe. Kubera rero ko Nyabacuzi atiyimye ingoma, ntitwavuga ko ari we Mugabekazi wa Ruganzu Ndori. Iyo Umwami yimaga atagifite nyina, bamushakiraga undi mugore w’iwabo wa nyina, kuko nyine ari uwo muryango wabaga uramukiwe ingoma, akaba ari we umubera umubyeyi, akaba Umugabekazi w’Urwanda. Ibisekuruza by’uwo Mugabekazi rero byabaga ari bimwe n’iby’uwabyaye Umwami mu nda.
    Icyakora Ruganzu bavuga ko ari we wihitiyemo nyina, kandi atari no mu bwoko buramukiwe, kuko yari Umusingakazi, kandi icyo gihe ingoma yari iy’Abakono. Yihitiramo Nyirarumaga, umukobwa w’Abasinga, kandi bari baraciwe ku ngoma na Ruganzu wa mbere, Bwimba, kubera ubugome bari bagize kuri iyo ngoma. Ruganzu Ndori ibyo ntiyabikurikiza, ahitamo uwo Musingakazi Nyirarumaga, kubera akamaro yari yamugiriye, amuhisha abanzi, akanamucisha muri wa Mwobo w’Inyaga, akazatunguka i Rwanda. Ibyo tuzabivuga mu magambo arambuye nitugera ku gitekerezo cya Ruganzu Ndori. Ng’iyo imhavu umuntu atashyiraho iryo zina rya Nyabacuzi.
    Nyamara ntitwahita tubyemeza, kuko hari icyo tutazi: ese iyo Umwami yimanaga n’umugore utari nyina, bamwtiriraga uwo agiriye mu cyimbo, izina rye bwite akarireka, mbese n’ubwoko? Nihagira ubiturusha yazatubwira. Ibyo ari byo byose, uwo Mugabekazi yagize akamaro cyane, aba Umubyeyi w’Urwanda, aba n’Umwigisa mukuru warwo. Mu nkuru ye (reba mu gitekerezo cya Ruganzu), tuzakoresha izina rye, kuko ari ko bivugwa nyine. Nihagira utubwira ko mu Masekuruza izina rigomba kuvugwa ari Nyabacuzi, tuzabihindura.

54
Ikindi twahindura ku byo Padri Kagame yanditse, ni kwa guha Abami inomero, nka Kigeri Mukobanya akamwita Kigeri II, Yuhi Musinga akaba Yuhi IV, bityo bityo. Ibi rero ntibiri mu byo Abacurabwenge bamubwiye, ntiyanabyanditse mu Masekuruza y’Abami. Ni we wabyishyiriyeho, abona ko bifite akamaro mu gutandukanya Abami bitiranwa. Ariko ubanza atari ngombwa, kuko buri mwami aba afite izina rye bwite, bita izina ry’ubututsi, rimutandukanya n’abandi bami basangiye iry’ubwami. Izo numero ahari uwashaka yazireka.

8. Imitwe y’ Abiru
   Abiru bari abagaragu n’Abanyamabanga b’ingoma,bakaba abarinzi b’umuco n’umurage w’I bwami,bakaba abayobozi b’amateka y’ u Rwanda,mbese bari nk’inkingi n’urumuri rw’Igihugu.Ikindi kandi,Abiru bariv Abagaragu b’imbata aribo bihambira kuri Shebuja ntibagire ahandi bajya.Mu by’ukuri rero ,Abiru bari Abagaragu b’Ingoma ,bakaba abanyamabanga n’abanyamihango b’I Bwami Imvugo y’”Abiru “tuyikomora mu Nkole aho bari bafite abo bitaga “Abayiru “bari abagaragu b’Ingoma .Muri yo nce,Abayiru bari Abahutu nk’uko Abahima bari Abatutsi. Abayiru ni bamwe mu baturage bo mu Nkole,b’I Bukoba,b’I Karagwe,b’I Buha n’I Bujinja .Muri utwo turere twose turi I Burasirazuba bw’ I Rwanda ,abatari Abahima babitaga Abayiru,aho niho hajemo ishyomoka ry’Urunyarwanda babita “Abiru “ Ingoma z’Imivugo nazo ba nyirukuzivuza bari Abiru,kuko batorerwaga kuko batorerwa kuba abagaragu mu bagaragu b’ibyegera by’Umwami ,bakamenya igihe cy’ibikiora n’ibambura ,bakamenya igihe aramukirizwa n’igihe arambagira igihugu,kandi ibyo bihe bikajyana n’umurishyo w’Ingoma. Mu mwaka w’1967,ubwo Abiru bo mu Birambo ho mu Nyantango (Mu Karere ka Karongi ) batsindiraga kujya guhagararira u Rwaqnda I Montreal muri Canada mu Imurika ry ‘ibintu Mpuzamahanga ,bagize impungenge zo kugenda bitwa Abiru.Muri ibyo bihe by’ivuka rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda yasimbuye Ingoma ya Cyami ,imvugo nk’iyo y “Abiru “yari ikintu cy’ umuziro .Nibwo bigiriye inama yo kwiyita “Abakaraza” ,bahereye yuko bamwe muri bo bakomokaga mu ngabo z’Abakaraza bo mu Kabagali zitwaga Abakaraza .Bjya muri Canada bitwa Abakaraza,bagarutse rubanda rukomeza kubita Abakaraza ,izina risingira rityo abavuza ingoma b’I Rwanda abo aribo bose,na n’ubu. Reka noneho turebe uko imitwe yAbiru iteye mu Matorero yabo :Imitwey’ingenzi yAbiru yari ukubiri:
   • Abiru b’ibanga ry ‘Ingoma: Bari abanyamabanga b’Ingoma,bakayinywera igihango.Abo ni nk’Abaragutsi bari Abashumba ba Kiragutse cyangwa se Abanyakalinga baragiraga Kalinga
   • Abiru b’Ingoma z’Imivugo:Abiru b’Ingoma z’Imivugo bari Abashiramujinya (Abatoni b’ibyegera by’ I Bwami ),bakazamo amatorero abiri :

55
Abaroro :Nibo bitwaga Abatimbo bakomokaga kuri Sebiroro Umutimbo wok u Mukingo ,bakaba abiru b’I Bwami bakabambura bakabikira. Abakaraza,:Bari umutwe w’ ingabo zo mu Kabagali zikomoka kuri Nyabutege .Bari Abashimba b’Indamutsa ,bakavamo Abiru b’I Bugabekakazi
a. Abaziritsi (Abafata-gihe b’ I Bwami)
bakabamo amatorero abiri: Abasenda-misaka (ya Gicurasi ): Bari Abiru bakuraga Gicurasi,nabo batorwaga mu mutwe w’Abakaraza Abanyamiganura ( Ya Kamena ):Bari Abiru b ‘ I Huro kwa Mumbogo .Mu mihango y’Imiganura ya Kamena yakuraga igisibo cya Gicurasi bafashwaga n’Abanyagitenga b’ I Ruli kwa Mujeni.
b. Abatambira (rubanda)
Barimo amatorero abiri : Abahanika: Bari Abiru b’I Suti kwa Gisurere,batangaga ibyuhagiro by’inka n’imyaka,bagatanga n’amasubyo y’amahumane Abahinda: Bari Abiru b’abavubyi b’ I Busigi kwa Nyamikenke bamururaga inkuba Ibiyora-nyundo (Abiru b’ imihisi ) : Amatsinda yo ha mbere yarimo Imparamba za Nyirakigeli,Abiru ba Semunyana w’ I Mwurire (Mvejuru ) Mu matsina y’ab’ubu ng’ubu hari Abiru ba Misiyoni n’Abiru ba Komini (Akarere )10

9. Amoko y’ Abanyarwanda Amoko akomoka ku muryango mugari w’abantu yari 19. Andi moko yabonekaga mu Rwanda yari ay’inzu aho umuntu yabyaraga, abamukomokaho bakamwitirirwa kugeza ku buzukuruza,ubuvivi n’ubuvivure, aho twavuga nk’Abahindiro bakomoka kuri Gahindiro. Hari kandi n’ayakomokaga ku mibereho n’imiterere y’umuryango uyu n’uyu.Umuryango wiganjemo abantu b’abatunzi,bakawuha izina iri n’iri rizatinda rikavamo ubwoko(Abatutsi).Umuryango ukennye,cyangwa se wifashije gahoro,na wo bakawuha izina iri n’iri naryo rizatinda rikabyara ubwoko(Abahutu), bityo bityo, nk’uko umwanditsi Nsanzabera Jean de Dieu yabyanditse mu gitabo cye yise ’Imizi y’u Rwanda’.

56
a. Amoko yariho mu Rwanda rwo hambere uko yari 19 1.Abanyiginya 2. Abega 3. Abatsobe 4. Abashambo 5. Abagesera b’Abazirankende 6. Abazigaba 7. Abasinga 8. Abacyaba 9. Abakono 10. Abaha 11. Abagesera b’Abahondogo 12. Ababanda 13. Abasyete 14. Abashingo 15. Abongera 16. Abatsibura 17. Abungura 18. Abashi 19. Abashigatwa 11
b. Amoko y’Umuryango mugali w’abantu
Mu Rwanda kuva na kera habagamo amoko yabagaho akaba yari amoko y’Umuryango mugali w’abantu aba n’aba.Nkuko amataka y’u Rwanda abigaragaza,amoko y’abanyarwanda yari 18.Ariko yakagombye kuba ari 19 ,usibye ubwoko bumwe bwazimye burundu aribwo bw’Abahondogo bari batuye mu Gihugu cy’ u Bugesera.
Ibyo bikaba byarabaye ku Ngoma y’Umwami w’u Rwanda Mibambwe II Mutabazi II Sentabyo wateye NSORO IV NYAMUGETA Umwami w’u Bugesera hagapfa Abahondogo benshi,n’abasigaye biyitirira ubundi bwoko ,kugirango bakize

57
amagara yabo.Ibyo bikaba byarabaye ahasaga mu w’1741 kugeza mu w’1746.Ariko niyo unasuzumye neza usanga hari ubwoko bwagiye bubyara ubundi,urugero twatanga ni nk’ABANYIGINYA babyaye ABASINDI.
Andi moko aboneka mu Rwanda, ni amoko y’inzu y’umuntu uyu n’uyu, umuntu akabyara ,abamukomokaho bakamwitirirwa kugeza ku buzukuruza ,ubuvivi n’ubuvivure.Iyo usuzumye neza ugacukumbura bihagije ,usanga buri bwoko (Yaba ubw’umuryango mugari cyangwa ubw’inzu ) usanga ari ubwoko bukomoka ku izina ry’igisekuruza gishyize kera.
Andi Moko akaba akomoka ku mibereho n’imiterere y’umuryango uyu n’uyu.Umuryango wiganjemo abantu b’abatunzi ,bakawuha izina iri n’iri rizatinda rikavamo ubwoko.Umuryango ukennye ,cyangwa se wifashije gahoro ,nawo bakawuha izina iri n’iri naryo rizatinda rikabyara ubwoko.Icyo twavuga aha ngaha ,kandi gikomeye ,nuko amoko y’Abanyarwanda atigeze abonekera rimwe,ahubwo yagiye ahangwa gahoro gahoro ,bitewe n’uko igihugu cyagiye gikura ari nako kigwiza amaboko.Reka ducukumbure neza iby’ayo moko duhereye ku Banyiginya n’Abasindi.11
c. Inkomoko y’ Abanyiginya n’ Abasindi
ABANYIGINYA ni ijambo rikomoka ku rurimi rw’Urunyankore ,aribyo bivuga : « ABANTU BARAMBYE KU BUKIRE N’UBUPFURA » bishatse kuvuga abatunzi ba kera bafite uruhererekane rw’ubutunzi mu imyaka amagana n’amagana ,batari abakire ba vuba cyangwa se ngo babe abakire bahoranye ubukene(abakire b’inkirabuheri ).
Bakaba bari abakire bo muri icyo gihe, barambye ku bukire mu bwoko buvukamo abami.Abandi bo muri ubwo bwoko badafite ubukire buhagije (Ni ukuvuga ibikomangoma bitabashije kugira ubutunzi bwinshi) ,bitwa ABASINDI nka Yuhi I Musindi bakomokaho.Ibyo bikaba bishobora kwerekana ko Umusindi w’umukire yashoboraga kuba Umunyiginya ,n’Umunyiginya w’umukene yashoboraga kuba Umusindi,yakongera kugira umutungo uhagije ,akongera gusubira mu Bunyiginya.Naho havuye ubwoko bw’Abanyiginya n’Abasindi,ariko usuzumanye ubushishozi ,usanga bose ari abo mu nzu imwe y’Abanyiginya kuko aribo bari bafite ingoma y’Igihugu kandi ni nabo Umwami Yuhi I Musindi akomokamo.Uru rugero rutanzwe haruguru rukaba rugaragaza neza inkomoko nyayo y’amoko.
d. Inkomoko y’ Abatutsi, Abahutu, n’ Abatwa
Izina Abatutsi ni Izina rusange ry’Abakomoka kuri MUTUTSI wari Mwene Gihanga cya Kazi ka Kizira cya Gisa cya Randa rya Merano ya Kobo ka Kijuru cya Kimanuka cya Muntu wa Kigwa cya Nkuba, ari we Shyerezo “.Abo bitaga Abatutsi ,ni amoko

58
y’abakomoka kuri Mututsi uko ibisekuruza byabo bingana kuko ni byinshi .Dore amwe muri ayo moko y’abakomoka kuri Mututsi:
I.Abakomoka kuri Serwega rwa Mututsi:
• ABEGA
II. Abakomoka kuri Ntandayera ya Mututsi
• ABAKONO
• ABAHA
Aba akaba aribo bitaga « IBIBANDA »bikaba bivuga ubwoko bwavagamo Abagabekazi.Bikaba bigaragza ko Abatutsi bari mo amoko atatu.
Noneho andi bakomoka kuri Gihanga batari abo kwa Mututsi nabo bari bafite amoko yabo,ayo akaba ari aya akurikira :
III.Amoko y’abakomoka kuri Gihanga :
• ABANYIGINYA
• ABASHAMBO

5. ABAHONDOGO
   • ABATSOBE
   Nyuma y’aho haza kuziraho n’Ubundi bwoko bw’abakomoka kuri Yuhi I Musindi ,bafata izina ry’ubwoko bw’ « ABASINDI».Kugeza ahasaga mu mwaka w’ 1180 mu RWANDA hari ayo moko uko ari 8.Ayo moko uko ari 8 yaje kwishyira hamwe arema umuryango w’Igikonyozi n’ubuhangange bushingiye ku bworozi bw’Inka,icyo gihe zari zimaze no kugwira mu gihugu.Uwo muryango ntibawuhaye izina rishya ,ahubwo bafashe irya Mututsi ,ahubwo bariha ubundi busobanuro.Guhera icyo gihe (mu w’1180) izina ry ‘ubututsi risobanura “UMUTUNZI” ariko akaba ari umutunzi w’inka gusa.Muri icyo kibariro (ku ngoma ya Yuhi I Musindi ) nibwo noneho imiryango yari ifite inka nyinshi yatangiye gushaka abashumaba n’abazikukira badakomoka

59
muri iyo miryango.Abo babonye bakabashakira izina rihabanye n’iryabo ariryo “UMUHUTU”.Nyuma y’aho haziraho n’andi moko akomoka kuri iyo miterere igihugu cyari kigezemo.
Bitewe nuko Abanyiginya binjiye mu Rwanda baturutse muri Ankole,amazina menshi bagiye bakoresha mu bihugu babaga batsinze yabaga afite inkomoko r’Urunyankore ,urugero ni nk’izina « UMWIRU(mu Kinyankore bavuga UMUYIRU ) » bivuga umugaragu w’ingoma , « UMUHINZA » bivuga uwo rubanda rukesha imbuto n’ubuhinzi .Umuhutu ryo ni izina rikomoka mu Runyankore bivuga « UMUGARAGU W’ABANDI BAGARAGU »,Aha bikaba bigaragaza ko ubugaragu bw’Umwiru bwari buhabanye n’ubw’Umuhutu ,kuko Umwiru yabaga ari umugaragu w’Ingoma ,naho umuhutu akaba umugaragu w’Umwiru n’Abandi batware.Umuhutu rikaba ryari izina rusange ry’abagaragu kuri ba Sebuja.Aha bikaba bigaragra ko Ubuhutu butari ubwoko,ahubwo bwari imiterere y’imirimo yabagaho mu Rwanda rwo ha mbere.
Nkuko inkomoko y’andi moko yagiye igaragara,niko n’umuryango w’Abatwa wavutse.Amateka y’u Rwanda agaragazako Igihugu kigitangira guturwa,cyabanjemo Impunyu ziberaga mu ishyamba zitunzwe no guhinga inyamaswa z’ishyamba icyo gihe igihugu cyari gituwe n’ ubwoko bw’ « IMPUNYU ».Uko igihugu cyagiye giturwa niko n’abakigezemo mbere bagiye bahindura imibereho ,bigatuma n’imiryango yabo ihindura inyito nkuko twabibonye haruguru,kugeza ubeo ubwoko bw’Impunyu bwazimye burundu.Ariko icyo twabibutsa ahanagaha ,nuko amoko menshi yagaragaye aruko Abanyiginya batangiye kwigarurira ibindi bihugu.Abaturage bagiye bava muri ayo mashyamba ,bakareka guhiga bagiye bafata indi ntera bakitwa n’andi mazina ,ariho twabonye ko Abanyiginya babise Abahinza aribyo bivuga abo rubanda rukesha imyaka n’imbuto nk’uko twabibonye haruguru kubera ko basanze baratangiye guhinga bararetse guhiga ,iryo zina rikaba ryerekana isumbwe n’itandukaniro Abanyiginya babarushaga ry’uko bo bari abatunzi bakize ku Nka.Abandi bayobotse ubworozi bw’Inka zari zadukwanywe n’Abanyiginya bagafata indi ntera n’ubundi bwoko.Noneho muri iryo hindagurika ry ‘imiterere y’imibereho y’abari batuye igihugu cy’ u Rwanda,abasigaye inyuma batitaye ku majyambere abandi bagezeho ,bagakomeza gukora imirimo abandi bita ko isuzuguritse hanyuma y’iyindi ,nibo biswe « ABATWA » aribyo bivuga « INSUZUGURWA CYANGWA se IBIBURABWENGE ».Aha bikaba bitugaragariza ko Abatwa nabo batari ubwoko ,ahubwo ryari izina rusange ry’abantu basigaye inyuma mu mateka ntibashobore kugendana n’abandi mu kubaka igihugu,ntibite ku iterambere abandi bagezeho ngo baryigane ,ahubwo bakihamira mu byabo bya kera.
e. Inkomoko y’ andi moko
Kubera ko hari havutse imitwe itatu y’amoko ishingiye ku butunzi n’imibereho rusange y’Abanyarwanda,hahise havuka n’andi moko y’abibohoje ubukene bakava ku bugaragu nabo bagatunga,aho guhakwa ,ahubwo bagahaka.Muri icyo gihe niho havutse ijambo « KWIHUTURA »bivuga gusezera ku bugaragu nawe ukadamarara ukaba umutware n’umutunzi nk’Abandi

60
Batutsi.Muri icyo kibariro hakaba haravutse amoko agera kuri 3 y’abari bamaze gucengerwa n’ubworozi bw’inka zadukanywe n’Abanyiginya.Ayo moko ni aya akurikira :
f. Abatutsi b’ibyihuture
• ABAGESERA B’ABAZIRANKENDE (Bari batuye mu Gisaka)
• ABAZIGABA
• ABASINGA
Nyuma y’abo bahutu basezeye ku bugaragu bakaba abatunzi ,haje kubaho inkomoko y’andi moko akomoka ku Mvange y’ugushyingirana kw’Abatutsi nyirizina n’Abatutsi b’ibyihuture.Iyo mvange niyo bise « ABATUTSI B’IMPAGA »aribyo bivuga ubwoko bw’Abatutsi bwabayeho ku mpamvu runaka ,akenshi bukaba bukomoka ku moko abiri ashyingiranye.Ariko icyo twababwira aha ngaha,nuko kwitwa Umututsi w’Impaga nabyo byabaga ari icyubahiro cya nyirabyo ,kuko byasaga no kwimuka ku ipeti bagushyira ku rindi,bikaba nkuko Papa akura umuntu mu Bakirisitu basanzwe akamushyira mu Bahire cya ngwa se mu Batagatifu.Aba Batutsi b’Impaga ni ubwoko bwagiye bubaho kubera impamvu runaka isa nk’igitangaza,aha twatanga urugero nk’Abasyete bakomoka kuri Busyete wari umutwa w’umugaragu i Bwami ,waje gutona kuri sebuja amugororera kumushyingira umukobwa wo mu bwoko bukomeye bw’Abatunzi b’Abatutsi,barebye uburyo umuryango w’Abakomokaho usa neza,barebye nukoabatwababaho mu buryo busuzuguritse,bahita babahindurira ubwoko bareka kwitwa Abatwa ,ntibanitwa Abatutsi,bahita babita ko ari ubwoko bw’ « ABASYETE ».Amoko y’Abatutsi b’Impaga akaba ari aya akurikira :
g. Abatutsi b’Impaga (De Base Condition):
• ABABANDA
• ABASHINGO
• ABONGERA
• ABASYETE

61
• ABUNGURA
• ABATSIBURA
• ABASHI
• ABASHIGATA
h. Mu Moko y’Abatutsi b’Impaga, hakaba habonekamo n’amoko y’inzu atari ay’umuryango mugari,ariyo :
ABASYETE, ABASHI, ABASHIGATA, ABATSIBURA n’ABARENGE bakomomoka ku Basinga.Andi moko yo atagaragara haruguru,akomoka mu bihugu duturanye.

1. ABENENGWE :Bari ubwoko bw’Ibikomangoma by’i Ngozi mu Burundi,bikaba byarigaruriye u Rwanda rw’amajyepfo rukiri ishyamba kimeza ,barema Igihugu cyabo cyitwaga u BUNGWE Igitero kibasiye Ingoma y’u Bungwe cyagabwe na MUTARA I NSORO II SEMUGESHI I (Muyenzi) wimye I Gasabo ahasaga mu w’1543 kugeza mu w’1576,wari Umwana w’ ikinege wa Ruganzu II Ndoli, nuko yica umwami waho RUBUGA RWA SAMUKENDE, bica na nyina BENGINZAGE ariwe “NYAGAKECURU “Banyaga n’Ingabe yabo “NYAMIBANDE”, basanze yararaye bayitera urwuma bakurizaho no kuyita “RWUMA”.Nuko ingoma y’Abenengwe izima ityo.Akaba ari muri ubwo buryo Ubwoko bw’Abenengwe bwinjiye mu Rwanda kugeza na n’ubu.
2. ABANYAKARAMA:Bari ubwoko bukomoka muri Tanzaniya ahitwa I Kalagwe,abenshi mu Banyakarama ,bakaba baraje mu ibunduka rya Ruganzu II Ndoli igihe yari aje gutegeka u Rwanda avuye kwa Nyirasenge Nyabunyana ,Aho se Ndahiro Cyamatara yari yaramubundishirije mu ihizana rya bene se BAMARA na JURU Barwanira Ingoma ya se Mibambwe I Sekarongoro kugeza ubwo bitabaje Nsibura Nyabunga Umwami w’I Bunyabungo agatera u Rwanda akica Ndahiro Cyamatare ,akanyaga n’ Inagabe yarwo Rwoga .Ibyo akaba yarabikoreye kugirango Igikomangoma Ndoli batamwica Igihugu kikazabura Umwami.Abanyakarama binjira batyo mu rwa Gasabo baba abatoni ba Ndoli kubera ineza bamugiriye ,barubamo kugeza bna n’ubu.
3. ABARENGE:Bari ubwoko bukomoka ku Basinga nk’uko Abasindi nabo bakomoka ku Banyiginya ,izina Abasinga rikaba rivuga “ABATSINZE “ubwo bwoko bw’Abarenge bukaba bukomoka kuri JENI RYA RURENGE Umwami w’igihangange Ukomoka mu Basinga wayoboraga Ingoma y’u Budaha n’u Bwishaza.Icyo twagerageza kubabwira nuko ABASINGA aribo benshi mu Rwanda kuva na kera kuko bafite imiryango minini kandi migari,akaba ari nabo bari bafite ibihugu byinshi mu Rwanda rwo ha mbere (Reba igice kivuga Ibihugu –Nkiko

62
by’u Rwanda rugali rwa Gasabo).Ikindi twavuga ku bijyanye n’Abasinga,nuko nabo bashyize bakagira amaboko,kugeza ubwo bashyizwe mu bwoko bw’Ibibanda aribyo byavagamo Abagabekazi,nyuma baza kwirukanwa ku Ngoma bitewe n’ubugome bakoze ku Ngoma ya Ruganzu I Bwimba ahasaga mu w’1312 kugeza mu w’1345 .Dore Imbonerahamwe y’Amoko y’Abanyarwanda kugeza mu w’1932 .
i. UBWOKO IKIRANGABWOKO
1 ABANYIGINYA: Umusambi
2 ABASINGA: Sakabaka
3 ABEGA: Igikeri
4 ABAGESERA: Inyamanza
5 ABAZIGABA: Ingwe
6 ABABANDA: Igikona
7 ABACYABA: Impyisi
8 ABENENGWE: Ingwe
9 ABONGERA: Isha
10 ABATSOBE
11 ABAKONO: Igikeri
12 ABAHA: Igikeri
13 ABUNGURA: Ifundi
14 ABASHINGO
15 ABASHAMBO: Intare

63
16 ABASINDI: Umusambi
17 ABANYAKARAMA
18 ABASITA: Imbwebwe
19 ABAHODOGO: Ishwima
j. Inkomoko y’ Amoko y’ Inzu
Nkuko amateka abigaragaza,amoko y’inzu yabaga ari agatsiko k’abantu runaka babaga bakomoka ku Mutu uyu n’uyu bakamwitirirwa ibihe n’ibihe,kugeza ubwo ubwo izina ry’uwo bakomokaho ryamamaraga kubera ibikorwa byabo ,maze bakajya babita ngo « ABA NI ABO KWA KANAKA cya ngwa se BAKOMOKA KWA NAKA » iyo mvugo irambye niyo yagiye ivamo amoko twakwita ay’ inzu kuko atari ay’ umuryango mugari ,kandi bikaba bigaragara ko n’ubundi ashamikiye ku bwoko bw’umuryango mugari n’ubundi.Niyo mpamvu ,usanga ubwoko bw’umuryango mugari buba bufite amoko mensi y’inzu abushamikiyeho.Ikigaragara nuko Amoko y’inzu yagiye akomoka ku Bantu bakomeye babaye ibyamamare mu Rwanda,cyangwa se babaye Abami ,Abatware ,Ibikomangoma n’Abagaba b’Ingabo mu Rwanda rwo ha mbere.Amoko menshi y’Inzu akaba aboneka mu Banyiginya kuko aribo bari bafite ingoma ya Cyami,hakiyongeraho Abega kuko aribo bamaze igihe kirekire bavamo Abagabekazi. Dore urugero rw’amwe mu moko y’inzu agera kuri 47 akomoka ku bwoko bw’Abanyiginya.
k. AMWE MU MOKO Y’INZU Y’ABANYIGINYA YARI IKOMEYE CYANE KURUSHA INDI NI IYI NGIYI:

1. ABAHINDIRO bakomoka kuri YUHI GAHINDIRO;
   Urugero:
   • Shefu Stanisilasi KALISA ka KAVUMVURI ka RWARINDA rwa RUBEGA rwa YUHI GAHINDIRO;
   • Shefu Léonard BIRASA bya KANYEMERA ka KANANGA ka RWANYONGA rwa YUHI GAHINDIRO;
   • Shefu Joseph BIDELI bya KANYEMERA ka KANANGA ka RWANYONGA rwa YUHI GAHINDIRO;

64
• Sushefu Pierre Claver KABERUKA ka SEMUGAZA wa MPAMARUGAMBA ya MUTIJIMA wa YUHI GAHINDIRO;

2. ABAKUSI bakomoka kuri NKUSI ya YUHI GAHINDIRO;
3. ABINDEKWE bakomoka kuri NYIRINDEKWE ya YUHI GAHINDIRO;
4. ABANYEMINA bakomoka kuri NYEMINA wa KIGELI NDABARASA;
5. ABAHEBERA bakomoka kuri SEMUGAZA wa KIGELI NDABARASA;
6. ABARABYO bakomoka kuri BURABYO bwa KIGELI NDABARASA;
7. ABANYABIGUMA bakomoka kuri RWANYABIGUMA rwa KIGELI NDABARASA;
8. ABARYINYONZA bakomoka kuri BARYINYONZA ba KIGELI NDABARASA;
   Urugero:
   • Shefu Athanase KANIMBA ka MUGEMANGANGO wa RWASABAHIZI rwa MUYENZI wa BIRABONYE bya BARYINYONZA ba KIGELI NDABARASA;
9. ABAZENGA bakomoka kuri KAZENGA ka KIGELI NDABARASA;
10. ABAMANUKA bakomoka kuri KIMANUKA cya KIGELI NDABARASA;
11. ABADENGE bakomoka kuri MUDENGE wa CYILIMA RUJUGIRA;
12. ABIKORE bakomoka kuri KANYANKORE ka KANYONI ka BAZIGA ba CYILIMA RUJUGIRA;
13. ABAHABANYI bakomoka kuri BIHABANYI bya GASHIKAZI ka CYILIMA RUJUGIRA;
14. ABAMO bakomoka kuri RWAMO rwa GIHANA cya CYILIMA RUJUGIRA;
15. ABANANA bakomoka kuri MUNANA wa GIHANA cya CYILIMA RUJUGIRA;
    Urugero:
    • Shefu Paul NTURO ya NYILIMIGABO ya MARARA ya MUNANA wa GIHANA cya CYILIMA RUJUGIRA;

65
• Shefu Godefroy KAMUZINZI wa RUSAGARA rwa NYILIMIGABO ya MARARA ya MUNANA wa GIHANA cya CYILIMA RUJUGIRA;

16. ABASHARANGABO bakomoka kuri SHARANGABO ya CYILIMA RUJUGIRA;
17. ABASHAMAKOKERA bakomoka kuri SHAMAKOKERA ya NDABARAMIYE wa BUKOMBE bwa YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
18. ABASHARA bakomoka kuri RUSHARA rwa YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
19. ABAKUKU bakomoka kuri MUKUKU wa RWASAMANZI rwa MUKUNGU wa YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
20. ABASAMANZI bakomoka kuri RWASAMANZI rwa MUKUNGU wa YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
21. ABAPFIZI bakomoka kuri GAPFIZI ka YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
22. ABAREGANSHURO bakomoka kuri MUREGANSHURO wa YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
23. ABAHWEGE bakomoka kuri SEGAHWEGE ka NSIGAYE ya GAKOMBE ka YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
24. ABASIGAYE bakomoka kuri NSIGAYE ya GAKOMBE ka YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
25. ABAYA bakomoka kuri NYARWAYA rwa YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
26. ABAKA bakomoka kuri KAREMERA RWAKA rwa YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
    Urugero:
    • Shefu Alphonse MPFIZI ya KAREGEYA ka NKUNZIGOMA ya RUHWANYAMIHETO rwa BAVUGIKI ba TERERA wa RWAKA rwa YUHI MAZIMPAKA;
27. ABENENYAGASHEJA bakomoka kuri NYAGASHEJA ka MIBAMBWE GISANURA;
28. ABAGANZU bakomoka kuri NZUKI za MUTARA SEMUGESHI wa RUGANZU NDOLI;
29. ABACOCOLI bakomoka kuri MUCOCOLI wa NDAHIRO CYAMATARE;
30. ABAGUNGA bakomoka kuri MUGUNGA wa NDAHIRO CYAMATARE;
    Urugero:

66
• Shefu J. Berchmans RWABUKAMBA rwa SAKE ya SERUBINGO ya RUVUNA rwa MUTAGA wa RUTAMU rwa NYIRAMAKENDE ya MUGUNGA wa NDAHIRO CYAMATARE;
• Shefu Faustin GACINYA ka NYIRINKWAYA ya KANUMA ka BYABAGABO ba RUYENZI rwa MUTAGA wa RUTAMU rwa NYIRAMAKENDE ya MUGUNGA wa NDAHIRO CYAMATARE;

31. ABAHINDA, bakomoka kuri MUHINDA wa NDAHIRO CYAMATARE;
32. ABANAMA bakomoka kuri BINAMA bya YUHI GAHIMA;
33. ABANYABYINSHI bakomoka kuri BYINSHI bya BAMARA ba YUHI GAHIMA;
34. ABENEJURU bakomoka kuri JURU rya YUHI GAHIMA;
35. ABENEFORONGO bakomoka kuri MIBAMBWE SEKARONGORO MUTABAZI;
36. ABENEGATAMBIRA bakomoka kuri MIBAMBWE SEKARONGORO MUTABAZI;
37. ABENEGAHINDIRO bakomoka kuri GAHINDIRO ka MIBAMBWE SEKARONGORO MUTABAZI;
38. ABENEGITORE bakomoka kuri GITORE cya KIGELI MUKOBANYA;
    Urugero:
    • Shefu Pierre Claver BENEMPINGA ba NYIRINGABO ya RWAMAMARA rwa SENTAMA za BURENGERO bwa MUSONI wa KABEBA ka BYAMBI bya SHUMBUSHO ya RUHEREKEZA rwa ZUBA rya GITORE cya KIGELI MUKOBANYA;
39. ABENEBWIMBA bakomoka kuri BWIMBA bwa GITORE cya KIGELI MUKOBANYA;
40. ABATORA bakomoka kuri CYILIMA RUGWE;
41. ABAJIJI bakomoka kuri MUJIJI wa NDOBA;
42. ABENEMUGUNGA bakomoka kuri MUGUNGA wa NDOBA;
43. ABATANDURA bakomoka kuri GITANDURA cya NDAHIRO RUYANGE;
44. ABATEGE bakomoka kuri NDAHIRO RUYANGE;
45. ABAKOBWA bakomoka kuri MUKOBWA wa MUJIJI wa NDOBA;

67

45. ABATURAGARA bakomoka kuri MUTURAGARA wa NDOBA;
46. ABATARE bakomoka kuri NTARE (-RUSATSI) ya NDOBA;
47. ABENEMUNYIGA bakomoka kuri MUNYIGA wa NDOBA;
48. ABENENYAMUHANZI bakomoka kuri NYAMUHANZI wa NDOBA;
    l. AMWE MU MOKO Y’INZU Y’ABEGA YARI IKOMEYE CYANE KURUSHA INDI NI IYI NGIYI:
49. ABEGA b’ABAKAGARA ,bakomoka kuri CYIGENZA cya RWAKAGARA
50. ABEGA ba KUNO (bafite inkomoko ku Mateka)
51. ABEGA ba KURYA (bafite inkomoko ku Mateka)
    N’abandi
    Ibanga ryatumaga amoko y’inzu ahama kandi akaramba,nuko izina ry’igisekuru ritazimaga,agubwo bagendaga baryitwa mu butyo bw’ uruhererekana rw’ibihe runaka
    Urugero :
    • BARYINYONZA ba KIGELI NDABARASA,na KIGELI RWABUGILI nawe yaryise umwana we,n’abandi bararyiswe
    • KIMANUKA cya KIGELI NDABARASA, no mu bisekuruza by’Abami b’u Rwanda KIMANUKA ya mwene MUNTU n’abandi bararyiswe
    • GIHANA cya CYILIMA RUJUGIRA; na KIGELI RWABUGILI nawe yaryise umwana we,n’abandi bararyiswe
    • MUGUNGA wa NDAHIRO CYAMATARE; na NDOBA yari amufite n’abandi bararyiswe
    Mu gusoza iki gice,twababwira ko amoko y’ Inzu atagira umubare,ni menshi amwe nta nazwi,gusa icyo twasobanukirwa aha ng’aha ,nuko ubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose (bwaba ubw’umuryango mugari ,bwaba ubw’inzu)burahangwa, bugahama, bukabaho, abantu bose bakabumenya ,bakabuziririza kandi bakabukurikiza ,bitewe nuko twabonye inkomoko yabwo.Nkuko

68
bigaragazwa n’amoko y’inzu tubonye hejuru aha,ubwoko bw’inzu bwabaga ari ubwoko bw’abantu basize amateka,utaragiraga amateka,yaba meza cyangwa se mabi ,nta bwoko bw’inzu yagiraga kuko atabaga yaramenyekanye.
m. Uko Amoko 18 y’ Abanyarwanda yasangiraga ubutegetsi
Nubwo Abanyarwanda batari basangiye ubwoko bw’imiryango migari cyangwa se ubw’inzu,ntibyababujije kubana neza no gusangira ubutegetsi.Kuko n’ubundi wasangaga bakomoka mu muryango umwe wa Gihanga cyahanze u Rwanda.Ibyo byatumaga ufite icyo arusha undi akimuha ,ugaragaje ubutwari mu butegetsi akabuhabwa ,uw’intwari ku rugamba agahabwa impeta y’umudende cyangwa se impotore,uwacanye uruti akagabirwa amashyo y’inka ,imisozi n’abagaragu,uwaheze mu bworo agahabwa inka y’umuriro agatangira korora ,nawe akagwiza ubutunzi,maze bose bagahuriza ku ntego imwe yo kurinda ubusugire bw’igihugu,kucyagura no kwita k’ uburumuke b’Abantu n’amatungo.
Uwitwa PADIRI LEON DELMAS yakoze ubushakashatsi ku moko y’abatware b’u Rwanda mu mwaka w’1948 (Abashefu 52 n’Abasushefu 625) yagaragaje imibare ikurikira ijyanye no gusangira ubutegetsi kw’Abanyarwanda:

1. ABANYIGINYA 276
2. ABEGA 113
3. ABATSOBE 60
4. ABASHAMBO 52
5. ABAGESERA B’ABAZIRANKENDE 41
6. ABAZIGABA 32
7. ABASINGA 32
8. ABACYABA 21
9. ABAKONO 13
10. ABAHA 13
11. ABAHONGODO 5
12. ABABANDA 5
13. ABASYETE 5

69

14. ABASHINGO 4
    15.ABONGERA 1
15. ABATSIBURA 1
16. ABUNGURA 118.
    ABASHI 1
17. ABISHIGATWA 1
    BOSE HAMWE = 677
    Iyi mibare itugaragariza ko amoko yasangiraga ubutegetsi bitewe nuko umubare wabo ungana n’amaboko bafite mu gihugu.Ibi kandi ntibyadutangaza kuko no mu gihe bita icya Demokarasi ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi, Ishyaka rifite abayoboke benshi, niryo rigira amajwi, bityo rikegukana imyanya myinshi mu butegtsi.Aha bikaba bigaragara ko mu kugabana ubutegetsi bagiye bafata n’amoko bazanyweho iminyago (Abashi bagenganga Ingoma yo ku Ijwi) batibagiwe n’amoko y’inzu (Abasyete n’Abashigatwa). Ikindi twagaragaza hano, nuko Abanyiginya aribo nari benshi kuko n’ubusanzwe aribo bari basanganywe ingoma, Abega bakabakurikira kuko aribo basangiraga ubutegetsi bakavamo Abagabekazi, Abatsobe nabo bazagamo mu bafite imyanya myinshi kuko aribo bakundaga kuvamo Abiru , akaba aribo bari bafite n’uburenganzira bwo gutanga abatabazi “Bamenaga amaraso yabo “ kugirango u Rwanda rwigarurire amahanga.Gakondo yabo niyo yabazwaga umuganura n’abahinzi bawo.
    Ikindi Abanyarwanda bakunze gutsitsuraniraho, ni ikibazo kijyanye n’ubuhake. Ubuhake niko kari akazi ko ha mbere, kandi ntabwo bwari bwihariwe n’abantu bamwe nkuko babivuga, ahubwo uwabaga atunze wese yashakaga abakozi bo kumufasha mu mirimo ye iyi n’iyi ibyo akaba aribyo bitaga “UBUHAKE”. Umuhutu wihuturaga akava mu buhutu akajya mu bututsi akaba umutunzi nk’abandi ,nawe yarahakaga.Umutwa wamenyaga ubwenge akajyana n’abandi mu iterambere rijyanye n’igihe ,nawe yaratungaga akareka kuba insuzugurwa ,nawe agatanga ubuhake (urugero ni nka Busyete).Umututsi wacungaga nabi ibyo yagabiwe ,cyangwa se akanyagwa kubera makosa ye ,nawe yarakenaga akajya guhakwa nk’abandi bose.Iki kikaba ari ikigaragaza ko Abanyarwanda basaranganyaga ubutunzi bafite uko bwanganaga kose.Ukize akazamura umukene akoresheje inzira twakwita iyo kumuha akazi yitwa” ubuhake”, kandi ntawimwaga akazi k’ubuhake ,uwashakaga guhakirwa ubutunzi wese (Inka n’imyaka ) yabonaga aho ahakwa kandi agahakwa ku wo ashaka ,yaba umwami ,yaba umutware cyangwa se izindi Mfura ziri mu Gihugu.

70
n. Uko amoko y’ Abanyarwanda 18 yazimye burundu
Ababiligi bagera mu Rwanda basanze ayo Moko uko ari 18 ariho ,abana kandi ategeka nta kibazo gihari kijyanye no kwishishana.Bitewe nuko bazanye Politiki yo gucamo Abanyarwanda ibice ngo babashe kubayobora (Diviser pour régner) basanze ayo moko ari uruhuri ku buryo kuyacunga no kuyategeka bitaborohera,bitewe nuko iwabo bari bamenyereye ubwoko bubiri bwariho aribwo Abawaro n’Abafurama.Bize ubucakura bw’uko bagabanya ayo moko bakarema andi makeya yaborohera kuyakoresha no kuyacunga.Bahise bafata ya mazina yarangaga imiterere y’imiryango mu byimibereho yabo ya buri munsi (Abahutu byavugaga abagaragu ,Abatwa byavugaga insuzugurwa n’Abatutsi byavugaga Abatunzi) noneho babihindura ubwoko busimbura bwa bundi 18.Abari batunze inka nyinshi kandi bakomeye ku butegetsi,banafite igihagararo nk’icya gitegetsi, bafite n’amazuru maremare(barayapimaga) bagahita bafata ubwoko bw’ubututsi (bona n’ubwo izo nka yaba yarazihakiwe akiri umuhutu cyangwa se ari muremure),noneho abafite Inka nkeya ,cyangwa se bakiri mu bugaragu bataragira ubutunzi,mbese bakiyubaka ,baringaniye mu gihagararo (batari bagufi cyangwa se barebare) ,babaha ubwoko bw’ubuhutu (bona n’ubwo yabaga akomoka mu miryango ikomeye),noneho babandi basigaye inyuma batazi iyo igihugu kiva n’iyo kigana ,ba ntibindeba,abarenzamase bose n’abandi b’insuzugurwa babaha ubwoko bw’Ubutwa nk’uko na mbere mu bijyanye n’imibereho bitwaga.Icyo navuga aha ngaha ,nuko mu gutoranya abajya mu bwoko ubu n’ubu ,bashingiraga kuri byinshi byabaga mu bwiru bwabo,iby’ingenzi twabashije kumenya n’ibi ngibi.
Bitewe nuko mu ihame ry ‘Abazungu bavuga ko :iyo ushaka ko igikorwa cyawe ,cyamamara ,kikamenyekana ubutazibagirana mu mitwe y’abantu ,ugishyira mu nyandiko.Nibwo mu w’1932 bashyizeho icyo bise « IBUKU » izina rifite inkomoko y’icyongereza ryitwa « BOOK » bivuga « IGITABO » bandikamo ayo moko 3 bari bamaze guhanga ku buryo buri muntu wese yakigendanaga , ikaba yari Irangamuntu y’icyo gihe.Nuko amoko y’Abanyarwanda 18 bakomora ku Bakurambere azima atyo ,ayahanzwe n’Abakoroni ajyanye n’ibyifuzo byabo byo kubafasha kuyobora u Rwanda aba ariyo yimakazwa.Hari bamwe mu Bayobozi bo ku bwa Rudahigwa bagerageje kubirwanya ,ariko Ababiligi babamerera nabi ngo baragandisha abaturage,Urugero twatanga ni nka Nturo Paul wayoboraga Akabagali, washatse kubyamagana,Rudahigwa akamuha impanuro agira ati « N’UDATANGA IYO BUKU ,NGO UKURIKIZE N’AMABWIRIZA YAYO,ABAZUNGU BAZAGUSHAHURA ,KURIKIZA AMABWIRIZA BAGUHAYE ,IBYO URIMO GUHARANIRA ABANA BACU NIBO BAZABIGERAHO » Ibyo Mutara Rudahigwa yahanuye byarashyize biraba ,kuko Abana b’u Rwanda twarashyize twibohora ingoyi y ‘amoko yadushyamiranyije imyaka myinshi.12, 13, 14, 15, 16,17
o. Imyumvire inyuranye y’ amoko y’ Abanyarwanda
Nkuko tubibonye hejuru, ubu buryo bw’ imyumvire y’ amoko ukurikije Alexis Kagame nibwo buryo muri rusnge bwumvikana, kuko buranasobanuwe ku buryo burambuye kandi bwimbitse. Ubu nibwo buryo natinzeho kuko bufitanye isano n’ inyito y’ igitabo cyange kuko bukomoza ku Biru (barimwo abafatanyije n’ abamisiyoneri guhindura Bibiliya n’ ibitabo by’

71
Indirimbo mu Kinyarwanda), hanyuma bityo , kubera Abiru bikagenda bikagera no ku Bami b’ u Rwanda, cyane ko na bamwe mu bamisiyoneri bakoze ihindura babashije kujya bagera I Bwami, ndetse bakaganira n’ abami. Ubu buryo kandi Akexis Kagame yabonaga amoko y’ Abanyarwanda, abusangiye n’ abandi batari bake bavuga ko Abahutu, Abatutsi, Abatwa atari amoko, ahubwo ko amoko y’ Abanyarwanda ari aya 19 twavuze hejuru. Iyi myumvire y’ Amoko, Alexis Kagame ayisangiye na Faustin Twagiramungu18, kuko nawe yemeza ko Abahutu, Abatutsi n’ Abatwa atari amoko, ahubwo ko amoko ari Abasinga, Abagesera, Abega, n’ayandi. Ariko nanone usanga hari ubundi buryo bw’ imyumvire usanga buvugwa n’ ibindi byiciro by’ abantu.19 Ikindi kiciro kitarakorwaho ubushakashati bwimbitse ni ubwoko umuntu yakwita ubwa kane bw’ abanyarwanda bafite inkomoko ku muhutu no ku mututsikazi cyangwa se ku mututsi no ku ku muhutukazi aribo twakwita “ Abahutsi” cyangwa se “ abatsihu” bitewe nuko umuntu yaba abanje ubwoko bwa se wabyaye uwo mwana. Ibi byose rero ni ibintu abantu bari bakwiye kwitondera kuko bishobora kuzana impaka nyinshi kandi rimwe na rimwe zitubaka.
Mu ncamake rero umuntu yavuga ko hari uburyo bw’ imyumvire bukurikira:
• Imyumvire y’ amoko y’ Abanyarwanda ihuza n’ iya Alexis Kagame
• Imyumvire y’ amoko y’ Abanyarwanda ihuza n’ abavuga ko hari amoko atatu: Abahutu, Abatutsi, Abatwa
• Imyumvire y’ amoko y’ Abanyarwanda ihuza n’ abavuga ko hari Abahutsi (bakomoka ku muhutu n’ umututsikazi)
Iyo ugenzuye neza usanga hari abatsimbaraye ku moko yabo. Umuhutu agatsimbarara ku Buhutu, Umututsi agatsimbarara ku Bututsi, Umutwa we sinzi uko abibona (ubushakashatsi bukwiye gukorwa), ariko ibi byose akenshi bikurura ibibazo. Natekereje ko kubera ko inyito Hutu igira ubukana bukomeye, inyito Tutsi nayo ikagira ubukana bukomeye, ahari umuntu yakwifashisha imyumvire ya Alexis Kagame akayihuza n’ icyo umuntu yumva atazibukira (aricyo Hutu, Tutsi, Twa), maze ubwoko bw’ umunyarwanda bukabanzirizwa n’ ubwoko budateza ibibazo aribwo buryo Alexis Kagame kimwe n’ abandi benshi bemeranya nawe bahurizaho, maze, umunyarwanda mu kuvuga ubwoko bwe akabanza: 1.Abanyiginya 2. Abega 3. Abatsobe 4. Abashambo 5. Abagesera b’Abazirankende 6. Abazigaba 7. Abasinga 8. Abacyaba

72

9. Abakono 10. Abaha 11. Abagesera b’Abahondogo 12. Ababanda 13. Abasyete 14. Abashingo 15. Abongera 16. Abatsibura 17. Abungura 18. Abashi 19. Abashigatwa
   Urugero:
   Umuzigaba -Tutsi
   Umuzigaba -Hutu
   Umuzigaba -Twa
   Umusinga – Hutu
   Umusinga -Tutsi
   Umusinga – Twa
   Umubanda – Hutu
   Umubanda -Tusi
   Umubanda – Twa
   Ubanza ahari muri ubu buryo ubukana bw’ amoko bwagabanuka, kuko nibura abanyarwanda bakumva ko hari ikibahuza, urugero mu gihe mwembi mwakumva ko muri Abasinga, cyangwa muri Abacyaba, ako gasano mbona kagabanya ubukana, Abanyarwanda bakegerana kurushaho.
   Aho mpagaze rero jyewe, nk’ uwemera Kristo, kandi ntekereza ko n’abandi benshi bemera Umwami Yesu wadukunze akatwitangira ariko babibona, jye nemera ko Abanyarwanda twese ubundi turi abavandimwe, ko Imana itubereye Data wa

73
Twese, ko “amoko” atagombye kutubera ikibazo ahubwo ko ubwo “budasa” niba ariko abantu babibona bwakagombye kutubera ubwuzuzanye, n’ imbaraga zo kugirango twiteze imbere kandi duheshe Imana icyubahiro kubw’ impano n’ ubwenge, n’ ibindi Imana yaduhaye. Mureke rero tubagarire urukundo hagati yacu, dukundane, twe kwita kubidutanya ahubwo twite ku biduhuza, nk’ Abanyarwanda.