Amateka ya Bibiliya niyo ayigira igitabo cy’umwihariko mu bindi bitabo byose umuntu yigeze kugira. Nyamara iki gitabo gitangaje benshi ntibasobanukiwe inkomoko ndetse n’ukuri kugendanye n’ibyanditswemo. Mureke turebere hamwe abanditse Bibiliya, duhuze ibyo banditse nibivugwa n’abahanga mu bijyanye n’amasigaratongo (Archeologists) hanyuma turebe koko niba twayizera nk’isooko y’ukuri.
Amateka ya Bibiliya: Yanditswe na nde?
Bibiliya yanditswe mu gihe cy’imyaka irenga igihumbi na magana atanu yandikwa n’abantu bagera kuri mirongo ine. Itandukaniro ryayo n’ibindi bitabo by’iyobokamana rigaragarira cyane mu kuvuga ibintu bifite gihamya kandi by’ukuri ku bihe, ahantu abantu ndetse n’ibindi ku buryo busobanutse kandi buhuza n’amateka. Abanyamateka n’abahanga mu bijyanye n’ubusigaratongo bose bemeje ukutibeshya kwayo.
Hakoreshejwe inyandiko n’imico bisanzwe by’umwanditsi, Imana itwereka uwo iri we ikanatubwira uko biba bimeze iyo tuyimenye. Hari ubutumwa bumwe rusange butwawe ku buryo bwitondewe n’abanditsi 40 ba Bibiliya: Imana yaraturemye twese, ikaba ishaka umushyikirano wacu na yo. Iduhamagarira kuyimenya no kuyizera.
Bibiliya ntiduhugura gusa, ahubwo inadusobanurira impamvu z’ubuzima tubamo n’umugambi Imana idufitiye. Ntabwo isubiza ibibazo byose dushobora kwibaza ariko byinshi mu byo duhura nabyo ibigarukaho. Itwereka uko twabaho dufite intego no kudahuzagurika, uko twabana n’abandi n’izindi ngingo zitandukanye. Itwigisha kandi kwishingikiriza ku Mana nk’isooko y’imbaraga zacu kandi itwereka uko twakwishimira urukundo rwayo. Ku rundi ruhande, Bibiliya ntibura kutubwira uburyo twabona ubugingo bw’iteka. Ibintu byinshi cyane cyane ibijyanye n’amateka byemeza ukutibeshya kwa Bibiliya bigahamya ubutungane ikomora ku Mana. Reka turebe zimwe mu mpamvu zatuma wemera Bibiliya.
Ubusigaratongo (archeology) buhuza n’amateka avugwa muri Bibiliya.
Abahanga bavumbuye amazina y’ingoma, abategetsi, abami, n’imigi byavuzwe muri Bibiliya ku buryo buhura neza n’ibyo amateka yigisha. Urugero rwiza twafata, ubutumwa bwiza bwanditswe na Yohana butubwira Yesu akiza uwari uryamye ku kidendezi cy’i Betesida. Muri ubu butumwa, tubwirwamo ibijyanye n’amabaraza atanu byose byari hafi y’ikidendezi. Abahanga benshi mbere ntibigeze batekereza ko iki kidendezi cyabayeho kugeza igihe inzobere mu bijyanye n’ubusigaratongo bemeje ko bakibonye munsi y’ubutaka gifite amabaraza atanu neza neza nk’uko avugwa na Yohana.
Bibiliya yanditsemo amateka menshi cyane, rero ntabwo ari yose yavumbuwe n’abahanga. Nyamara kandi kugeza ubu nta gisigazwa kiraboneka ngo kivuguruze cyangwa kinyuranye n’ibivugwa n’inyandiko zera za Bibiliya. Mu buryo bunyuranye n’ubwo, umunyamakuru Lee Strobel avuga ku gitabo kizwi cyane gishingiyeho iyobokamana ry’Abamormo (Mormons) yaragize ati “abahanga muby’ubusigaratongo bananiwe inshuro nyinshi guhuza ibivugwa ku byabaye muri Amerika nk’uko bigaragara mu gitabo cy’Abamormo. Ubusigaratongo ntibwigeze na rimwe bugaragaza imigi, ibisigazwa by’abantu, amazina cyangwa se ahantu havugwa mu gitabo cy’Abamormo.”
Ahantu henshi mu havuzwe na Luka mu gitabo cy’Ibyakozwe n’intumwa cyo mu isezerano rishya, hamaze kuvumburwa n’abahanga muby’ubusigaratongo ndetse ahandi ni imijyi cyanwa ibihugu bituwe bizwi n’uyu munsi. Mu nyandiko yose, Luka avuga ibihugu 32, imijyi 54 n’ibirwa icyenda kandi byose nta kwibeshya kwabayeho bifite aho bihuriye n’amateka azwi n’abahanga batandukanye.
Ubusigaratongo buvuguruza imyumvire itandukanye inyuranya na Bibiliya. Urugero ni inyigisho kugeza ubu ikigishwa mu mashuri y’iyobokamana ivuga ko Mose atanditse ibitabo bitanu bibanza bya Bibiliya (Pentateuch) bashingiye ku kuvuga ko ibi bitabo bitabayeho mugihe cye. Abigisha izi nyigisho bavuga ko ibi bitabo atari bikuru kuri uru rwego bakemeza ko byanze bikunze byaba byaranditswe igihe runaka nyuma ya Mose. Nyamara abahanga mu bumenyi bw’ibisigaratongo bavumbuye ibisate by’amabuye bibaje ku buryo butangaje kandi byanditseho amategeko y’Imana. Mbese ibyo bisate byaba byarabayeho nyuma ya Mose? Hoya! Byabayeho mugihe cye kuko n’imyaka igaragazwa n’abahanga ihura neza n’igihe cye.
Bibiliya dufite uyu munsi ni kimwe n’iy’umwimerere.
Hari abatekereza ko Bibiliya yahinduwe inshuro nyinshi bikaba byatuma itakaza umwimerere. Ibyo birashoboka niba indimi zarakurwaga mu zindi ndimi zitari umwimerere. Ariko hari ingeri za Bibiliya zakuwe mu ndimi z’umwimerere z’ikigereki, igiheburayo n’icyaramaya. Uguhura kw’isezerano rya kera n’umwimerere waryo byemejwe muw’1947 ubwo abahanga muby’ubusigaratongo bavumburaga umuzingo muri Isiraheli. Uyu muzingo wari ufite inyandiko zo mu isezerano rya kera zifite ubukure bw’imyaka irenga igihumbi ugereranyije n’inyandiko dufite uyu munsi. Mu gihe bagereranyaga inyandiko zo ku muzingo wavumbuwe n’izisanzwe zihari, basanze bihuza ku rugero rwa 99.5% kandi 0.5% biburaho ni udukosa duke mu myandikire y’amagambo kandi byagaragaye ko bitabasha guhindura ubusobanuro nyir’izina.
Uyu ni umuzingo w’umwimerere w’igitabo cya Yesaya uko cyagaragaye cyanditswe mu isekuruza ya 2 mbere ya Yesu Kristo
Isezerano rishya, ni yo nyandiko yizewe kandi iri mu zikuze kurusha izindi zose dufite muri iki gihe cyacu. Hari inyandiko za kera zitandukanye zandukuwe zishyirwa mu ndimi zitandukanye kugirango abantu benshi babashe kuzisoma. Abantu bamwe bakunda gutangazwa n’inyandiko nyobozi ya Plato. Iyi nyandiko yayanditse mu myaka 380 mbere ya Yesu kandi kugeza ubu kopi ya vuba dufite muri zo ifite imyaka 1300 uhereye igihe yakorewe. Uyu munsi hari kopi 7 zayo.
Ku rundi ruhande, intambara ya Kayizari yitwa Gallic wars yanditswe hagati mu myaka y’100-44 mbere ya Kristo. Inyandiko dufite ubu zifite imyaka irenga 1000 uhereye igihe zandikiwe kandi hari kopi 10 zayo. Iyo tuje mu isezerano rishya, hari kopi zayo zirenga ibihumbi bitanu zanditswe uhereye mu mwaka wa 50-100 nyuma ya Kristo kandi abazikoreye kopi baritonze cyane mu rwego rwo kwirinda amakosa. Nyamara n’ubwo bimeze bityo, ibyo abanditsi ba Bibiliya bo mu isezerano rishya banditse byarabitswe kandi birindwa kurusha indi nyandiko iyo ariyo yose yabayeho. Tugomba kwizera ibyo dusoma ku byabaye kuri YESU kurusha uko twizera inyandiko za Kayizari, Plato, Aristotle na Homer. Mu zindi nkuru tuzareba ibijyanye n’imijyi ivugwa mu isezerano rishya ndetse n’irya kera.
Ibyo twifashishije twandika iyi nkuru:
- Nelson Glueck, Rivers in the Desert: History of Negev. Jewish Publication Society of America, Philadelphia, 1969, P. 176.
- Strobel, Lee. The Case for Christ (Zondervan Publishing House, 1998), p. 132.
- Bruce, F.F. The Books and the Parchments: How We Got Our English Bible (Fleming H. Revell Co., 1950), p. 113.
- https://www.everystudent.com/features/bible.html
Wellars MVUYEKURE ni umunyeshuri muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda ishami ry'ubuvuzi n'ubumenyamuntu. Ni umukristo watangiye urugendo rujya mu ijuru, yasomye kandi akurikirira hafi amateka avugwa na Bibiliya. Mwandikire cyangwa umuhamagare kuri 0788745884 niba hari icyo udasobanukiwe.
