Urwandiko rwandikiwe abakolosayi ni urwandiko rwanditswe n’intumwa Pawulo hagati y’umwaka wa 60 na 62 ubwo yari mu nzu y’imbohe i Roma. Akaba yararwanditse afatanije na Timoteyo wamufashaga kwandika ubwo yari i Roma (Abakolosayi 1:1). Uru rwandiko rwandikiwe abakiristo babaga mu mujyi w’i Kolosayi rukaba rwarajyanywe na Tukiko ari kumwe na Onesime (Abakolosayi 4:7-9). Urwo rwandiko barujyananye n’izindi byandikiwe rimwe arizo Abefeso na Filemoni. Tubona ko hari n’urundi rwandiko iri torero ryagombaga gusoma rwari kuva i Lawodikiya n’abo barangiza gusoma uru rwandiko rw’abakolosayi bakarwohereza i Lawodikiya ngo nabo barusome (Abakolosayi 4:16)
Umujyi wa Kolosayi, amavu n’amavuko y’itorero ry’i Kolosayi
Imyaka amagana mbere y’uko Pawulo agera muri Kolosayi, uyu mujyi wari umujyi ukomeye kuruta iyindi yose yo muri Asiya nto (ubu ni muri Turukiya). Wari uherereye ku mugezi wa Likusi (Lycus) ku muhanda ukomeye wahuzaga uburengerazuba n’uburasirazuba, uwo muhanda wavaga muri Efeso ukagera ku mugezi wa Ufurate. Mu kinyejana cya mbere umujyi wa Kolosayi wabaye nkusubiye inyuma ho gato bituma imijyi yari iri hafi aho iwunyuraho mu iterambere. Iyo mijyi ni nka Lawodikiya na Hiyerapoli (Hierapolis) (Abakolosayi 4:13). Umujyi w’i Kolosayi wari ku ntera y’ibirometero 19 uvuye i Lawodikiya, hari ku ntera y’ibirometero 23 uvuye Hiyerapoli, ku ntera y’ibirometero 160 uvuye mu mujyi Efeso. Pawulo ntiyigeze abwiriza itorero ry’i Kolosayi cyangwa ngo abe yarabwirije muri uwo mujyi.
Icyatumye Pawulo yandikira iri torero
Pawulo ubwo yarimo abwiriza muri Efeso, aho yamaze imyaka itatu abwiriza ubutumwa bwiza, umugabo witwa Epafura yaje guhinduka yakira agakiza, uwo niwe wajyanye ubutumwa bwiza i Kolosayi (Abakolosayi 1:7-8; Ibyakozwe 19:10). Iryo torero ryashinzwe na Epafura ryatangiye kugira ibitero bikomeye by’ubuyobe mu by’ijambo ry’Imana byatumye Epafura asura Pawulo i Roma ngo amubwire ibibazo biri mu itorero, iyo niyo nkomoka yo kwandika uru rwandiko.
Epafura n’abandi bantu bari barakijijwe nyuma yo kumva inyigisho za Pawulo bashobora kuba ari nabo bashinze andi matorero yagiye akomera nk’amatorero yo mu mujyi wa wa Lawodikiya na Hiyerapoli (Abakolosayi 4:13).
Nk’uko twabivuze hejuru, Pawulo yandika uru rwandiko ntiyari yarigeze agera i Kolosayi (Abakolosayi 2:1). Ibi biradusobanurira impamvu asoza iki gitabo yatanze intashyo ku bantu ku giti cyabo mu gice cya nyuma cy’uru rwandiko nk’uko yajyaga abigenza igihe yabaga ari kwandikira amatorero atarigeze asura mbere y’uko abandikira, urugero rw’ibyo ni Abaroma.
Ginositisizime (Gnosticism)
Kugira ngo usobanukirwe neza inyigisho z’ubuyobe zari zarateye Abakolosayi, biragusaba kuzashakisha ukamenya icyitwa “Gnosticism” tukaba tuzabivugaho byimbitse mu nkuru zacu zitaha. Gusa muri make ubuyobe bwari bwarateye i Kolosayi Pawulo ntavuga ibyabwo yeruye ndetse ibi biteza urujijo muri benshi iyo bagerageje gusobanura iby’ubwo buyobe. Ariko ibyabaye byose byazaga mu mu moko abiri y’ubuyobe ariyo: Ubuyuda (Jewish) hamwe na Ginositisizime (Gnosticism).
Gnosticism ni iki?
Iyi ni imyizirere yabaye gikwira cyane mu kinyejana cya kabiri. Bivugwa ko ibyabaye i Kolosayi bitari “Gnosticism” yuzuye ahubwo byari intangiriro yabyo. Ubundi ijambo “gnosis” bivuga ubumenyi cyangwa se kumenya.
Iyi ni imyizerere yari ifite dogitirine ivuga umuntu agizwe n’ibice bibiri aribyo ubugingo (spirit) n’umubiri (dualism). Uyu mubiri cyangwa se kamere (body) itandukanye n’umwuka (spirit). Umubiri cyangwa se kamere ni mubi, ibivamo ni bibi ndetse nta cyiza na kimwe wakora (kugeza aha ngaha ushobora kumva ibi ari ukuri) mu gihe mu mwuka (spirit part) ho habamo ibyiza gusa. Bivuze ko umuntu agizwe n’igice kimwe gikora ibyiza gusa n’ikindi gice kidashabora kugira icyiza gikora habe na gato.
Iyi myizerere yavugaga ko muri kamere yacu habamo ikibi gusa ariko umwuka (spirit) habamo ibyiza gusa, kuko umwuka (spirit) wo uva ku Mana mu gihe kamere yacu (body) yo iva ku mubi. Uyu mubiri cyangwa se kamere hamwe n’isi ibamo ikibi byose byazanywe n’umubi ndetse mbere ya Yesu umwuka (spirit) wacu wahoze ari imbohe mu mubiri no muri iyi si ibamo icyaha (bavuga ko uyu mubiri n’iyi si bitaremwe mu bushake bw’Imana).
Aba bantu bizeraga ko isi nta cyiza ushobora kubonamo kandi ko nta n’icyiza yatanga kuko isi ari iy’umubi. Bityo Yesu yaje kumenyesha umuntu ubwenge bwahishwe (ari nayo mpamvu bitwa gnostics kuko “gnosis” bivuga kumenya). Ubwo bwenge Yesu yabuzanye ngo abumenyeshe abantu, abigishe kuva muri ubwo bubata bw’icyaha n’iyi si y’umubi.
Muri macye, Yesu ni intumwa yavuye mu ijuru ngo imenyeshe abantu ubwenge bwo gukura ubugingo bwacu mu bubata bw’icyaha n’iyi si. Kuri bo Yesu si Imana, si nawe waremye ibintu byose nk’uko twebwe abizera ibyanditswe bitubwira ko Jambo ari we waremye ibintu byose (Yohana 1:1, Abakolosayi 1:16).
Mu busanzwe twe twizera ko Yesu yari Imana byuzuye kandi akaba umuntu byuzuye (Yohana 1:1) gusa aba bantu bahakana bivuye inyuma inyigisho zivuga ko Imana yihinduye umuntu ikambara umubiri (God’s incarnation). Bavuga ko Imana yera, idakora ikibi, iri hejuru ya byose, idashobora kwambara umubiri ubamo ikibi gusa, ndetse ukomoka ku mubi. Bavuga ko na Yesu igihe yari mu isi atari yambaye umubiri ahubwo yari afite ishusho isa n’iyu muntu (Docetism).
Bavuga ko ubwo bwenge (special knowledge) bwahishwe abantu, abo Yesu yabumenyesheje bwa mbere ari abigishwa be. Rero gukizwa ni ukwiga ubwo bwenge ngo ubashe kumenya uko wava mu bubata bw’icyaha n’urupfu n’iyi si y’umubi. Bitandukanye natwe twizera ko dukizwa no kwizera Yesu Kristo gusa. Mu buryo bigishaga bwo kuva muri ubwo bubata harimo kubababaza no gutoteza umubiri wawe (Ascetism).
Aba bahakanaga ko urupfu rwa Yesu ari igikorwa cyo gukiza abantu no kubacungura ndetse ntaho bihuriye.
Muri make aba bahakanaga ko
- Yesu ari Imana (Deity)
- Yesu ari umuntu (God’s incarnation)
- Yesu ari we waremye byose
- Urupfu rwa Yesu ari igikorwa cyo gucungura abantu
- Kwizera Yesu ari byo bitanga agakiza, ahubwo bo bakavuga ko Yesu yaje kutumenyesha ubwenge bwahishwe ari bwo butumenyesha inzira yo kuva mu bubata bw’icyaha (secret knowledge).
Kuki ari ingenzi kumenya ibiri muri uru rwandiko?
Iri torero ryari rifite ibitero byinshi by’abigishabinyoma bahakanaga ubumana bwa Kristo. Barimo bigisha ko Yesu atari Imana. Pawulo yanditse uru rwandiko ngo abahugure kuri ibyo. Kuba Kristo yari umuremyi akaba n’umucunguzi ibyo ntibishidikanywaho, rero Pawulo yabandikiye ngo abafashe kumva no gusobanukirwa ukuri kw’ibyo. Ni ibyigenzi ko itorero rikwiye kumenya Imana mu butabashwa bwayo no gukomera kwayo kuruta kuyirebera mu ishusho ififitse y’Imana bahabwaga n’abigishabinyoma
Dore zimwe mu nyigisho z’ubuyobe zari zarateye iri torero
- Seremoniyalizime (Ceremonialism). Ibi bikaba byaravugaga kuziririza ibyo kurya n’ibyo kunywa no kuziririza iminsi mikuru hamwe no gukebwa (Abakolosayi 2:11; Abakolosayi 3:11). Ibi bikaba bishobora ko byari byarazanywe n’abayuda bibwiraga ko agakiza kazanwa no gukurikiza imirimo n’imihango bitegetswe n’amategeko.
- Asetisizime (Asceticism): aribyo kwigomwa cyangwa kwibuza gukora ikintu runaka. Mu yandi magambo ni ugukoresha umubiri uburetwa wibuza gukura ibintu runaka umubiri wifuza, wigomwa ibintu bitandukanye ngo ubashe kuwutoza gukora ibyiza gusa (Abakolosayi 2:21; Abakolosayi 2:23)
- Gusenga abamarayika (Abakolosayi 2:18)
- Guhakana ubumana bwa Kristo, imbaraga ze no kuzuka kwe (Abakolosayi 1:15-20; Abakolosayi 2:2-3).
- Ubwenge bwahishwe (Secret knowledge) (twabivuzeho bihagije hejuru) (abakolosayi 2:18), Pawulo asubiza iki yavuze ko muri we (Kristo) ni mo ubutunzi no kumenya byahishwe (abakolosayi 2:2-3)
- Kwishingikiriza ku bwenge kamere n’imihango (Gnosticism) (abakolosayi 2:4-8).
Intego y’uru rwandiko
Ingingo nyamukuru y’iki gitabo yari umwuzuro w’agakiza kabonerwa muri Kristo bitandukanye n’inzira yo gukizwa abantu bihimbira bishyiriraho imihango n’ibindi bakabyita ibyera. Nta buhanga bundi cyangwa ubwenge wabona bikaguhesha kumenya icyo wakora ngo ukizwe ubone ubugingo buhoraho keretse kwizera Kristo wenyine (Abakolosayi 2:3)
Intego ya Pawulo kwari ukurwanya ubuyobe bwari bwarateye itorero. Kugira ngo agere kuri iyo ntego yabanje kubasobanurira Kristo uwo ariwe: ni ishusho yuzuye y’Imana (Abakolosayi 1:15), ni umuremyi (Abakolosayi 1:16), niwe wabayeho kuva kera kandi ubeshyaho byose (Abakolosayi 1:17), ni we mutwe w’itorero, ni we mfura yo kuzuka (Abakolosayi 1:18), ni we kuzura k’ubumana kwari kwambaye umubiri (Abakolosayi 1:19; Abakolosayi 2:9) ni we mwunzi w’ibintu byose (Abakolosayi 1:20-22). Kandi ko Kristo ariwe mwuzuro w’ibintu byo se. Muri we dufite byose kuko niwe byose byuzuriyemo (Abakolosayi 1:19; Abakolosayi 2:9). Pawulo yakomeje avuga ko izi nyigisho ntacyo zari gufasha umuntu ngo zimukure mu byaha (Abakolosayi 2:23)
Imiterere y’uru rwandiko
- intashyo, gushimira, n’isengesho – Abakolosayi 1:1-14.
- Umwuzuro wa byose uboneka muri Kristo – Abakolosayi 1:15-23.
- Umurimo wa Pawulo n’imibabaro ye- Abakolosayi 1:16-29.
- Gukurikira Kristo aho gukurikira ubwenge bw’abantu (philosophy), gutoteza umubiri (ascetism), cyangwa amtegeko (legalism) – Abakolosayi 2:1-23.
- Imyitwarire ikwiye umukristo w’ukuri- Abakolosayi 3:1-4:6.
- Intashyo n’impuguro bisoza – Abakolosayi 4:7-18.
ibyo twifashishije twandika iyi nkuru
- Introduction to colosians (https://www.learnreligions.com/book-of-colossians-701038) Retrieved 01 January 2021
- Book of colosians (https://www.biblestudytools.com/colossians/) Retrieved 01 January 2021
- colossians (https://www.insight.org/resources/bible/the-pauline-epistles/colossians) Retrieved 01 January 2021
Umugenzi ujya mu ijuru.
"We believers, we're Princes of heaven"
