1 Timoteyo: Sobanukirwa n’urwandiko rwa mbere rwa Timoteyo

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Pawulo nk’umubwirizabutumwa, akaba n’umushumba w’inararibonye, yari amaze guha inshingano umusore muto, zari inshingani zo kuyobora itorero rinini ryitwa Efeso. Itorero ryari rihererye mu mujyi wari wuzuye ibigirwamana cyane cyane icyitwa Arutemi, harimo amashuri menshi yigisha ubufindo (magicians), hakiyongeraho ko wari umujyi ukomeye w’ubucuruzi. Ntabwo byari byoroheye umusore muto nk’uwo, nicyo cyateye Pawulo gufata ikaramu n’urupapuro yandikira uyu muhungu w’umusore kandi muto mu byo kwizera ngo amubwire uko akwiriye kuyobora itorero n’uko azahangana n’ibibazo bizavukamo.

Umwanditsi

Mu nzandiko za gishumba (pastoral letters) cyangwa inzandiko Pawulo yandikiraga abakuru b’itorero (abashumba) yabaga yarahaye inshingano zo kuyobora cyangwa kureberera itorero runaka  arizo: 1 Timoteyo, 2 Timoteyo na Tito, imyandikire yazo zose igaragaza ko ari Pawulo wazanditse. (1 Timoteyo 1:1; 2 Timoteyo 1:1; Tito 1:1). Mu myaka ya vuba hari abatangiye guhakana ko atari Pawulo wanditse izi nzandiko bashingiye ku nyungaramagambo zagiye zikoreshwa muri izi nzandiko gusa ibindi bimenyetso byose bihamya ko ari Pawulo wanditse izi nzandiko.

Imvo n’imvano y’iki gitabo

Ubwo Pawulo yari ari ku rugendo rwe rwa kane rw’ivugabutumwa cyangwa urugendo rw’ubumisiyoneri, yahaye Timoteyo inshingano zo kwita no kureberera itorero ryo muri Efeso (1 Timoteyo 1:3) mu gihe we yari agiye kwerekeza i Makedoniya. Mu gihe Pawulo yari amaze kumenya ko atazongera gusubira muri Efeso vuba (1 Timoteyo 3:14-15)  yanditse urwandiko rwo gufasha, kwigisha no guhugura Timoteyo nk’umuntu wari mushya ku nshingano yari yarahawe zikomeye zo kuyobora iri torero, inshingano yari yaramuhaye kandi Timoteyo ari muto (1 Timoteyo 1:3, 1 Timoteyo 1:18). Bivuze ko iyi yari nk’imfashanyigisho Pawulo yarimo aha Timoteyo y’uko akwiriye kuyobora itorero. Muri izo nshingano harimo:

• Kurwanya inyigisho z’ibinyoma (1 Timoteyo 1:3-7; 1 Timoteyo 4:1-8; 1 Timoteyo 6:3-5, 1 Timoteyo 6:20-21),
• Kugenzura imikorere n’imikurire y’itorero ryo muri Efeso (1 Timoteyo 2:1-15)
• Gutoranya no kwimika abayobozi bakwiye mu itorero (1 Timoteyo 3:1-13; 1 Timoteyo 5:17-25)

Ikibazo gikomeye iri torero ryari rifite bwari ubuyobe bukurikira:

• ubuyobe bwitwa Jinositicizime (Gnosticism) wasoma inkuru twakoze ku gitabo cy’abakolosayi ukamenya byinshi kuri ubu buyobe,
• idini rya Kiyuda aribo bafarisayo -Judaism (1 Timoteyo 1:3-7),
• ibyerekeye kubabaza umubiri – ascetism (1 Timoteyo 4:1-5).

Igihe iki gitabo cyandikiwe

Urwandiko rwa mbere rwa Timoteyo bigaragara ko rwanditswe nyuma y’ibyabaye bigaragara mu Ibyakozwe 28:1-30. Hari nyuma y’imyaka umunane Pawulo akoreye urugendo rw’ubumisiyoneri muri Efeso rwamaze imyaka itatu (Ibyakozwe 19:10).

Uwo uru rwandiko rwandikiwe

Nk’uko intangiriro z’uru rwandiko zibigaragaza (1 Timoteyo 1:2), byerekana ko Pawulo yarimo yandikira Timoteyo, umusore wavukiye i Lusitira ubu ni muri Turukiya. Se ubyara Timoteyo yari umugiriki mu gihe nyina yari umuyudakazi (Ibyakozwe 16:1). Kuva mu bwana bwe yari yarigishijwe ibyanditswe byera byo mu Isezerano rya Kera (2 Timoteyo 1:5; 1 Timoteyo 3:15). Pawulo yamwitaga umwana nyakuri yibyariye mu byo kwizera (1 Timoteyo 1:2). Bishoboka ko Timoteyo yigishijwe ibya Kristo na Pawulo ubwo yagiriraga uruzindiko rwa mbere i Lusitira ndetse akaza guhinduka, akaba umwigishwa we. Mu gihe Pawulo yongeraga gusura bwa kabiri aho i Lusitira yasabye Timoteyo ko bazajya bajyana mu ngendo z’ubumisiyoneri yakoraga. Pawulo yabanje kumukeba kugira ngo kuba ari umunyamahanga w’umugiriki bitazababera inkomyi y’ubutumwa bwiza ku bayuda (Ibyakozwe 16:3). Timoteyo yafashije Pawulo kubwiriza muri Makedoniya na Akaya (Ibyakozwe 17:14-15; Ibyakozwe 18:5), kandi yari kumwe nawe mu gihe cy’imyaka itatu bamaze babwiriza muri Efeso (Ibyakozwe 19:22). Timoteyo yari kumwe na Pawulo ubwo bavaga muri Efeso berekeza i Makedoniya, i Korinto (Ibyakozwe 20:3), kugaruka muri Makedoniya (ubu ni mu Bugereki), no muri Asiya nto (Turukiya y’ubu) (Ibyakozwe 20:1-6).

Birashoboka cyane ko Timoteyo yajyanye na Pawulo muri urwo rugendo rwose kugeza i Yerusalemu. Uyu Timoteyo yari kumwe na Pawulo ubwo yafungirwaga i Roma bwa mbere (abafilpi 1:1; Abakolosayi 1:1; Filemoni 1).

Nyuma yo kurekurwa akava mu nzu y’imbohe (nyuma y’ibyabaye mu Ibyakozwe 28:1-30), Timoteyo yongeye kujyana nawe nk’ibisanzwe ariko yaje gusigara muri Efeso ngo ahangane n’ibibazo byari bihari. Pawulo we yarakomeje yerekeza i Makedoniya. Ubucuti bw’akadasohoka bwa Pawulo na Timoteyo, hamwe n’uko yamwishimiraga ndetse amukunda, bigaragarira no mu kuba barafatanyije kwandika inzandiko cyangwa se ibitabo bigera kuri bitandatu ( 2 abakorinto, abafilipi, abakolosayi, 1 abatesalonike, 2 abatesalonike na Filemoni). Si ibyo gusa, ahubwo uburyo Pawuko avuga cyane Timoteyo ku rwandiko yandikiye abafilipi bigaragaza ko bari bafitanye umubano udasanzwe (Abafilipi 2:19-22).

Ubwo yari mu mpera z’ubuzima bwe, Pawulo yasabye Timoteyo kumusanga i Roma (2 Timoteyo 4:9-21). Mu rwandiko rw’Abaheburayo 13:23 hagaragaza ko Timoteyo yigeze gufungwa ariko akaza gufungurwa. Birashoboka ko inzu y’imbohe yarimo ari iy’i Roma cyangwa ahandi hantu, gusa nta bimenyetso dufite by’ibi. Timoteyo ntiyari intumwa. Byaba byiza afashwe nk’uwari ahagarariye intumwa, watorewe gukora umurimo wihariye runaka (Tito 1:5)

Imirongo y’ingenzi

1 Timoteyo 2:5-6; 1 Timoteyo 4:12; 1 Timoteyo 6:10-11

Imiterere y’igitabo

• Indamukanyo  (1 Timoteyo 1:1-2)
• Imbuzi zerekeye abigishabinyoma (1 Timoteyo 1:3-11)
  • Ubuyobe (1 Timoteyo 1:3-7)
  • Intego y’amategeko (1 Timoteyo 1:8-11)
• Ubuntu bw’Imana kuri Pawulo (1 Timoteyo 1:12-17)
• Impamvu Pawulo yahaga amabwiriza Timoteyo (Timoteyo 1:18-20)
• Impuguro ku miyoborere y’itorero (igice cya 2 n’igice cya 3)
  • Amabwiriza agenga amateraniro (igice cya 2)
  • Gusenga mu materaniro (1 Timoteyo 2:1-8)
  • Imyitwarire ikwiye abagore mu materaniro (1 Timoteyo 2:9-15)
  • Ibyo umuyobozi runaka cyangwa uhagarariye abandi mu itorero akwiye kuba yujuje (1 Timoteyo 3:1-13)
  • Inshingano n’imyitwarire ikwiye y’abepisikopi (1 Timoteyo 3:1-7)
  • Inshingano n’imyitwarire ikwiye abadiyakoni (1 Timoteyo 3:8-13)
  • Impamvu y’ayo mwabwiriza yavuzwe hejuru (1 Timoteyo 3:14-16)
• Ahugura ku byerekeye inyigisho z’ubuyobe (igice cya 4)
  • Inyigisho z’ubuyobe izo ari zo (1 Timoteyo 4:1-5)
  • Uko warwanya inyigisho z’ibinyoma (1 Timoteyo 4:6-16)
• Impuguro zerekeye ibyiciro bitandukanye mu itorero (1 Timoteyo 5:1;1 Timoteyo 6:2)
  • Abakuru n’abato (1 Timoteyo 5:1-2)
  • Abapfakazi (1 Timoteyo 5:3-16)
  • Abakuru (1 Timoteyo 5:17-25)
  • Abakozi bakorera abandi (1 Timoteyo 6:1-2)
• Impuguro zitandukanye (1 Timoteyo 6:3-19)
  • Abigishabinyoma(1 Timoteyo 6:3-5)
  • Gukunda amafaranga (1 Timoteyo 6:6-10)
  • Inshingano za Timoteyo (1 Timoteyo 6:11-16)
  • Abatunzi (1 Timoteyo 6:17-19)
• Umwanzuro no kwifuriza umugisha(1 Timoteyo 6:20-21)

Isomo twakura muri iki gitabo

Uru ni urwandiko rukwiye gusomwa n’abizera bose ariko cyane cyane abashumba n’abakuru b’amatorero, ngo bamenye neza uko bakwiye kuyobora intama. Uretse ibyo, uru rwandiko ni ubutumwa bwiza ku rubyiruko rubamenyesha ko gukora umurimo w’Imana ukiri muto kandi ugakiranuka bishoboka. Uru rwandiko harimo impuguro zigenewe abantu b’ibyiciro bitandukanye; abayobozi, abadiyakoni, abagabo, abagore, abana n’urubyiruko kugeza k’ubakorera abandi (imbata cyangwa abagaragu), ibyo byose ni ibyafasha umuntu wese bitewe n’icyiciro arimo.

Ibyo twifashishije twandika iyi nkuru

• Introduction to 1 Timothy (https://www.learnreligions.com/book-of-1-timothy-701043) Retrieved  11 January 2021
• Book of 11 Timothys (https://www.biblestudytools.com/1-timothy/) Retrieved 04 January 2021
• 11 Timothy (https://www.insight.org/resources/bible/the-pauline-epistles/first-timothy) Retrieved 04 January 2021