Nyuma y’uko Pawulo arekuwe akava mu nzu y’imbohe i Roma mu mwaka wa 62, na nyuma y’uko asoje urugendo rwe rwa kane rw’ubumisiyoneri yanditse urwandiko rwa mbere rwa Timoteyo na Tito. Nyuma y’aho, Pawulo yongeye gufungwa n’umwami Nero, hari hagati y’umwaka wa 66-67. Ni muri icyo gihe Pawulo yanditse urwandiko rwa kabiri rwa Timoteyo.
Bitandukanye n’uko yari abayeho igihe bamushyiraga mu nzu y’imbohe bwa mbere, aho yabaga mu nzu bari baramuhaye akazajya atanga ibiguzi byo kuyibamo, icyo twakwita ubukode bw’iki gihe (Ibyakozwe 28:30). Igihe Pawulo yafungwaga bwa kabiri bamushyize mu nzu y’imbohe nk’imfungwa ya Politiki (2 Timoteyo 4:13), ndetse aziritse iminyururu nk’izindi mbohe zose (2 Timoteyo 1:16; 2 Timoteyo 2:9). Inshuti ze byari bizigoye ko zigera aho yari ari (2 Timoteyo 1:17). Pawulo yari yaramaze kumenya ko iminsi ye yo ku isi iri ku musozo, kandi umurimo yari yarashinzwe gukora ugeze ku musozo (2 Timoteyo 4:6-8).
Mu gihe Pawulo yari ari mu bihe bya nyuma by’ubuzima bwe, yenda gupfa, yafashe ubuzima bwe bwose abuharira umurimo wo kuvuga ubutumwa gusa. Yari yaratoje abashumba, yari yaratanze amahugurwa ku bantu ku giti cya bo, amatorero n’intumwa, yari yarahamije ibyo Umwami Yesu n’agakiza ke imbere y’abami bakomeye , yakoze n’ibindi byinshi tutabasha kurondora hano. Muri icyo gihe, umurimo we wo ku isi wasaga n’aho uri ku musozo.
Ariko n’ubwo Pawulo yari hafi gupfa, agasiga amatorero yose n’abera ku isi, ntiyari kugenda ngo asige nta we asigiye inshingano yo gutangaza ukuri no kubwiriza amahanga mu cyimbo cye. Timoteyo, umunyeshuri wigiye ku birenge bye, umwana we mu byo kwizera yari akenewe ngo yuse ikivi cyari gisizwe na Pawulo, akomeze kubwiriza amagambo meza nk’uko yayumvanye Pawulo (2 Timoteyo 1:13).
Pawulo yari wenyine, abantu bose bo muri Asiya bari baramusize barigendera (2 Timoteyo 1:15) abo ni Fugelo na Herumogene. Si abo gusa bamutereranye ahubwo na Dema (2 Timoteyo 4:10) yari yaramusize, Kiresikenti , Tito na Tukiko bose bari baragiye kuvuga ubutumwa. Luka niwe wenyine wari uri kumwe na we (2 Timoteyo 4:11). Pawulo yari akeneye Timoteyo cyane.
Pawulo yandika uru rwandiko, intego nyamukuru kwari ugutongerera Timoteyo gukora umurimo ukomeye w’ubushumba n’ubwo yari muto. Mu nshingano yari agiye kumusigira harimo:
- Kurinda no kurwanirira ubutumwa bwiza. Pawulo yari umubwirizabutumwa, intumwa, umwigisha w’inkuru nziza y’agakiza, ndetse na Timoteyo yari afite inshingano yo kubirinda (2 Timoteyo 1:12-13) no kubyigisha abandi ngo na bo bazabashe kubyigisha abandi (2 Timoteyo 2:2). Inzira Timoteyo yari agiye gutangira wenyine Pawulo adahari yari inzira yuzuye imibabaro (2 Timoteyo 1:8; 2 Timoteyo 2:3), gusa Pawulo yakomezaga Timoteyo amusaba kwihanganira byose no kurwana intambara nziza (2 Timoteyo 1:7; 2 Timoteyo 2:1).
- Kurwana intambara yo gukiranuka: hari abantu benshi bari bagamije kurwanya no kuburizamo umurimo wa Timoteyo, bakayobora abantu mu kutubaha Imana bityo Timoteyo n’abagenzi bari bafite inshigano yo kwirinda mu magambo, kwirinda impaka z’ubusa, guhunga irari rya gisore ahubwo bagakurikiza gukiranuka, kwizera, urukundo n’amahoro (2 Timoteyo 2:22).
- Gukomeza kuba icyitegererezo cy’amagambo meza yari yarumvanye Pawulo: kugwa kwa benshi no gusubira inyuma bakava mu byizerwa byari byegereje, Timoteyo yari afite inshingano yo gukomeza kuzirikana ibyanditswe.
- Kubwiriza ubutumwa bwiza: Inshingano ya nyuma Pawulo yahaye Timoteyo yari ukuba umubwiriza w’ubutumwa ushize amanga. Timoteyo ntabwo inshingano yari afite zari izo gukora ibishoboka byose ngo inyigisho y’ukuri hatagira ikiyanduza gusa, ahubwo yari afite n’inshingano yo kubwiriza intama zazimiye.
Uru rwandiko rwa kabiri rwa Timoteyo rutwereka ibyo Pawulo yifuzaga ko undi mubwirizabutumwa wese yaba yujuje. Muri iki gihe cyacu uru rwandiko rwuzuye inama nziza zikwiye abakuru b’itorero n’undi muntu wese ushaka kubaho ubuzima bwejejwe.
Mu nshamake Pawulo yari ahangayikishijwe n’intambara zikomeye zari ziri gutera itorero mu gihe cy’itotezwa ryari riri gukorwa n’umwami Nero, niko kwandika atongera Timoteyo ngo arinde ubutumwa bwiza (2 Timoteyo 1:14), arinde ubusugire bwa bwo (2 Timoteyo 3:14), akomeze umurimo wo kubwiriza (2 Timoteyo 4:2) nibiba ngombwa yemere kubabazwa kubera bwo (2 Timoteyo 1:8; 2 Timoteyo 2:3).
Umurongo w’insanganyamatsiko y’iki gitabo
“ujye ukomeza icyitegererezo cy’amagambo mazima wanyumvanye, ugikomeresha urukundo rubonerwa muri Kristo.” 2 Timoteyo 1:13
Kuki iki gitabo ari ingenzi?
Urwandiko rwandikiwe Timoteyo rwa Kabiri ni urwandiko rwa kabiri mu nzandiko za gishumba Pawulo yanditse (Paul’s pastoral epistles). Bitandukanye n’izindi nzandiko za Pawulo zabaga zarandikiwe amateraniro magari y’abantu runaka. Tito na we yabonye urwandiko nk’uru. Nubwo inzandiko ebyiri ari zo Tito na Filemoni ziza inyuma ya 2 Timoteyo, bivugwa uru rwandiko rwa kabiri rwandikiwe Timoteyo ari rwo rwa nyuma Pawulo yanditse mbere y’uko apfa (2 Timoteyo 4:6).
Uru rwandiko, ni rwo rwandiko rwanditswe na Pawulo, rwo guha amabwiriza, gutera umwete, kuburira, no guhumuriza umwana we mu mwuka yakundaga witwaga Timoteyo.
Inshamake kuri iki gitabo
Umwanditsi: Pawulo ni we wanditse uru rwandiko. Yavukiye i Taruso. Mu giheburayo Pawulo bivuga Sawuli ni yo mpamvu yitwaga Pawulo w’i Taruso (Ibyakozwe 9:11). Uwo yari umwanzi w’abakiristo igihe kinini (Ibyakozwe 8:3; Ibyakozwe 22:5, Ibyakozwe 22:19; Ibyakozwe 26:11; Abagalatiya 1:13). Nyuma yo guhura na Yesu (Ibyakozwe 9:3-9) yahindutse umubwirizabutumwa ukomeye, umumisiyoneri ukomeye, yatangije amatorero atabarika, yatumye benshi bihana, ndetse ni we munyatewologiya ukomeye wabayeho mu mateka y’itorero. Yanditse hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’ibitabo by’isezerano rishya.
Ibitabo bindi yanditse: abaroma, 1 abakorinto, 2 abakorinto, abagalatiya, abefeso, abafilipi, abakolosayo, 1 abatesalonike, 2 abatesalonike, 1 Timoteyo, 2 Timoteyo, Tito na Filemoni.
Igihe n’aho iki gitabo cyandikiwe: uru rwandiko rwandikiwe i Roma mu mwaka wa 67 nyuma ya Kristo.
Abo cyandikiwe: Pawulo yanditse iki gitabo nk’amagambo ye ya nyuma mbere y’uko apfa, yabwiye itorero. Yarwandikiye uwari Pasiteri (umushumba) w’itorero ryo muri Efeso witwaga Timoteyo.
Ibihe by’igenzi bigaragara muri iki gitabo
- Pawulo avuga ku mwana we (Timoteyo) n’umukiza wabo (Yesu)
- Amategeko n’inshingano z’umushumba
- Imbuzi zerekeye ibihe by’imperuka
- Icyifuza cya nyuma cya Pawulo n’ubuhamya bwe.
Abantu b’ingenzi tubona muri iki gitabo
- Pawulo umwanditsi w’ibitabo 13 byo mu isezerano rishya, umwubwirizabutumwa, umumisiyoneri, intumwa ikomeye.
- Timoteyo, umusore wagendanaga na Pawulo, umushumba w’itorero rya Efeso, uwandikiwe inzandiko zombi arizo 1 Timoteyo na 2 Timoteyo.
- Loyisi, nyirakuru wa Timoteyo wubahaga Imana.
- Unike (Eunice), nyina wa Timoteyo wubahaga Imana.
- Fugelo na Herumogene, abakiristo bateye Pawulo umugongo muri Asiya.
- Onesiforo, umukiristo wafashaga Pawulo haba muri Efeso n’i Roma.
- Humenayo na Fileto, abakiristo babiri bacyashywe na Pawulo kuko babwirizaga ibinyoma by’uko umuzuko wamaze kubaho.
- Yane na Yambure, abagabo babiri b’abakonikoni b’abanyegiputa bashatse kurwanya Mose. Pawulo abagereranya n’abantu barwanya ukuri bo mu bihe bya nyuma.
- Dema, umugabo wagendanaga na Pawulo ariko wamutereranye ubwo bendaga kwica Pawulo.
- Luka, umuganga w’umunyamahanga (umugiriki) wanditse igitabo cy’ubutumwa bwiza bwa Luka n’Ibyakozwe. Uwo yabanye na Pawulo kugeza mu minsi ya nyuma ya Pawulo i Roma.
- Yohana Mariko wari mwishywa wa Barinabasi akaba yaranditse igitabo cy’ubutumwa bwa Mariko.
Ahantu h’ingenzi hagaragara muri iki gitabo
- Roma: umurwa mukuru w’ubwami bw’abaromani. Aho ni ho Pawulo yafungiwe ubugira kabiri ndetse afungwa bwa kabiri byarangiye yishwe na Nero.
- Tesalonike: umujyi Dema yagiyemo nyuma yo gutererana Pawulo afungiye i Roma.
Umwihariko w’uru rwandiko
- Uru rwandiko ni indirimbo yo mu mwuka, yuzuye ijwi ry’ubutsinzi, y’umuntu uri guhumeka umwuka we wanyuma.
- Uru rwandiko ruvuga kubizaba mu minsi y’imperuka kurusha izindi nzandiko zose (2 Timoteyo 3:1-13; 2 Timoteyo 4:1-4).
- Nyuma yo kurangiza igifungo cya mbere (Ibyakozwe 28), Pawulo yongeye gufungwa. Iby’iki gifungo tubisanga muri uru rwandiko gusa. Pawulo bamufunga bashobora kuba baramufatiye i Tirowa ari yo mpamvu yari yarahasize umwitero n’ibitabo by’impu (2 Timoteyo 4:13). Kuwa 19 Nyakanga muri 64, umujyi w’i Roma waratwitswe bivugwa ko ari abakiristo bawutwitse. Kuva icyo gihe itorero ryahise riba ikintu kitemewe mu bwami bw’Uburomani no kubwiriza biba icyaha gihanishwa gupfa. Pawulo ashobora kuba yarafashwe agafungwa muri Nyakanga 64 akatirwa urwo gupfa. Muri icyo gihe afunzwe nibwo yanditse uru rwandiko. Muri iki gifungo cya kabiri, ibintu byari bitandukanye n’uko igifungo cya mbere cyagenze.
- Aha yari imfungwa ya Politiki itegereje gukatirwa. Icyaha yashinjwaga cyahanishwaga kwicwa
- mu gihe mu gifungo cya mbere yabaga mu nzu ya wenyine yishyura amafaranga aho yari afungiwe ahantu h’umwihariko, hakonje, hataba urumuri, hateye ubwoba.
- Bwa mbere yasuwe n’abantu benshi ariko muri iki gihe abantu bose bari baramutereranye.
- Uru ni rwandiko rugaragaramo abanzi benshi b’ubutumwa bwiza.
- Fugelo na Herumogene (2 Timoteyo 1:15)
- Humenayo na Fileto (2 Timoteyo 2:17)
- Yane na Yambure (2 Timoteyo 3:8)
- Alekizanderi umucuzi w’imiringa (2 Timoteyo 4:14)
Umugabo witwa Dr. J. Vernon McGee yaravuze ngo “urwandiko rwa kabiri rwa Timoteyo ruvuga ingaruka ivugabutumwa rizagira. Ingaruka za nyuma z’ivugabutumwa ntabwo rizaba guhinduka kw’abantu bose cyangwa kuzahita twinjira mu ngoma y’imyaka 1000. Ahubwo ahazaba ubuhenebere buteye ubwoba buzasimbura cyane kwizera mu isi. Ibyo bihura neza n’amagambo Yesu yavuze avuga ati “Ese umwana w’umuntu naza azasanga kwizera kukiri mu isi?” ibyo ntaho bihuriye n’abiteze ko kubwiriza bizahindura isi yose maze abantu bakabana neza. Ariko abadashaka kwiha amahoro n’ibitari ukuri basobanukirwa n’amagambo yanditse muri uru rwandiko rwa kabiri rwa Timoteyo. Ndetse ibyo tubona uyu munsi bitwereka ko ibyo Pawulo yavugaga byari ukuri”
Muri iki gitabo tubona ibintu bitandatu bishushanya ubuzima bw’umukiristo. Kuba umukiristo ni nko kuba umusirikari (2 Timoteyo 2:3), umunyamasiganwa (2 Timoteyo 2:5), umuhinzi (2 Timoteyo 2:6), umunyeshuri (2 Timoteyo 2:15), igikoresho (2 Timoteyo 2:21), n’imbata (2 Timoteyo 2:24).
Ibyo twigashishije twandika iyi nkuru
- Willmington, Harold, “Article 55: Second Timothy at a Glance” (2017). The Owner’s Manual File. 57. (https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/owners_manual/57/?utm_source=digitalcommons.liberty.edu%2Fowners_manual%2F57&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages) Retrieved 11 January 2021
- Book of 2 Timothys (https://www.biblestudytools.com/2-timothy/) Retrieved 04 January 2021
- 2 Timothy (https://www.insight.org/resources/bible/the-pauline-epistles/second-timothy) Retrieved 04 January 2021
Umugenzi ujya mu ijuru.
"We believers, we're Princes of heaven"
