Abaheburayo: sobanukirwa n’amateka y’iki gitabo n’impamvu cyanditswe

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Yanditswe na: Niyonshuti Emmmanuel
Yasubiwemo: Ku cyumweru, 24 Mutarama 2021
Abaheburayo: sobanukirwa n’amateka y’iki gitabo n’impamvu cyanditswe

Yesu ni muzima, ubu yicaye iburyo bw’Imana ngo atubere umutambyi mukuru. Iyo niyo ngingo nyamakuru urwandiko rw’Abaheburayo ruvugaho. Reka dufate urugero rw’ikiganiro cy’umuyoboke w’idini ry’abahindu n’umukirisito. Reka dufate ko bamaze kuganira umuhindu yateze amatwi yombi ibyo umukiristo yamubwiraga byerekeye ibyo Yesu yakoze. Niba ikiganiro kigiye kurangira hari ibibazo 4 biri buhite biza mu mutwe w’umuhindu:

  1. Kuki Yesu yagombaga kukuvuka? Igisubizo (Yohana 1:18)
  1. Kuki byari ngombwa ko Kristo apfa? Igisubizo (Abagalatiya 1:4)
  1. Kuki Yesu yagombaga kuzuka? Igisubizo (1 Abakorinto 15:14)
  1. Kuki Yesu yagombaga gusubira mu ijuru? Igisubizo cy’iki kibazo ni urwandiko rw’abaheburayo.

Umwanditsi

Umwanditsi w’iki gitabo ntiyivuga muri uru rwandiko, gusa bigaragara ko yari azi neza abo yandikiraga. Mu gihe kingana n’imyaka irenga 1200 (kuva mu mwaka wa 400  kugeza mu mwaka w’1600) iki gitabo cyitwaga “urwandiko Pawulo yandikiye abaheburayo”. Nyuma byaje kugaragara ko Pawulo ashobora kuba atari we mwanditsi w’iki gitabo. Nta tandukaniro rinini rigaragara mu nyigisho ziboneka mu nzandiko za Pawulo n’urwandiko rw’abaheburayo  gusa ibyo izo nyandiko zibandaho n’imyandikire yazo bitanga itandukaniro rituma benshi bemeza ko atari Pawulo wanditse uru rwandiko. Bitandukanye n’uko Pawulo yajyaga abigenza mu zindi nzandiko aho yivugaga, umwanditsi w’abaheburayo we ntiyivuze na rimwe muri uru rwandiko keretse aho yagaragaje ko ari umugabo (Abaheburayo 11:32).

Hejuru y’ibyo tumaze kubona;  amagambo agira ati “Twebwe ho tuzarokoka dute nitwirengagiza agakiza gakomeye gatyo, kabanje kuvugwa n’umwami wacu natwe tukagahamirizwa n’abamwumvise” (Abaheburayo 2:3). Ayo magambo yanditse muri uru rwandiko agaragaza ko umwanditsi ari umwe mu babanye na Yesu ubwo yari ku isi cyangwa akaba yarabonye ihishurirwa rivuye k’umwami wacu Yesu Kristo nk’uko byagendekeye Pawulo (Abagalatiya 1:11-12).

Ahantu ha mbere dusanga igitekerezo cy’umuntu waba waranditse iki gitabo tugisanga mu gitabo cyitwa Tertullian’s De Pudicitia aho umwanditsi w’icyo gitabo we avuga uwanditse iki gitabo ari Barinaba. Ugendeye ku byanditse muri iki gitabo bigaragara ko umwanditsi wacyanditse yari afite ububasha mu itorero ry’intumwa kandi yari umuhanga w’umuheburayo wakiriye agakiza kuko uko yandika bigaragaza ko yari azi neza ibyanditswe mu isezerano rya Kera. Barinaba ibyo byose yari abyujuje. Barinaba uwo yavukaga mu bwoko bw’abatambyi aribwo Abalewi (Ibyakozwe 4:36). Uyu Barinaba yabaye inshuti cyane ya Pawulo nyuma yo guhinduka. Bayobowe n’umwuka, abakuru b’itorero ry’i Antiyokiya bahaye inshingano Barinaba na Pawulo zo kujya kuvuga ubutumwa bwiza, maze babohereza ku rugendo rwa mbere rw’ubumisiyoneri (Ibyakozwe 13:1-4).

Undi mukandida wo kuba umwanditsi w’iki gitabo ni Apolo. Umuntu wa mbere wagaragaje ko Apolo yaba ari we wanditse iki gitabo ni Marite Luteri, ndetse abanditsi benshi ni we bemeza ko ari we wanditse uru rwandiko. Apolo wavukiye i Alexandiliya akaba yari umuyuda wakiriye agakiza yari umuhanga kandi yari intyoza mu kuvuga. Luka amuvugaho yavuze ko yari “umuntu w’intyoza w’umunyabwenge kandi akaba n’umuhanga mu byanditswe” (Ibyakozwe 18:24),  kandi tuzi ko Pawulo na Apolo bigeze guhura mu mi minsi ya mbere y’itangira ry’itorero ry’i Korinto (1 Abakorinto 1:12; 1 Abakorinto 3:4-6).

Kimwe mu bintu by’ingenzi bidashidikanwaho ni uko nyiri ukwandika iki gitabo yari umuhanga mu rurimi rw’ikigiriki kandi yari yarasomye inyandiko z’isezerano rya kera zariho icyo gihe ariko zanditse mu kigiriki (the Septuagint), kuko yagendaga asubiramo amagambo yanditse mu isezerano rya kera.

Igihe iki gitabo cyandikiwe

Urwandiko rw’abaheburayo rugomba kuba rwaranditswe mbere y’isenywa rya Yerusalemu n’urusengero byabaye mu mwaka wa 70, kuko iyo iki gitabo cyandikwa nyuma y’irisenywa umwanditsi yari kuvuga ku isenywa ry’urusengero n’irangira ry’imihango  y’abayuda y’ubutambyi. Indi mpamvu igaragaza ko byabaye mbere ni uko umwanditsi yakoreshaga indagihe ubwo yabaga afite icyo agiye kuvuga ku rusengero n’imirimo y’ubutambyi n’ibindi bijyana nayo (Abaheburayo 5:1-3; abaheburayo  7:23-27; Abaheburayo 8:3-5; Abaheburayo 9:6-9; Abaheburayo 10:1; Abaheburayo 13:10-11).

Abo urwandiko rwandikiwe

Uru rwandiko byibanze rwari rugenewe abayuda bari barahindutse, kandi bari basanzwe bamenyereye ibyanditswe byo mu isezerano rya kera. Aba ni bo bari baragerageje gushaka uko bagoragoza idini ya Kiyuda ngo bayihuze n’idini ya gikiristo kugira ngo imihango n’amategeko bakurikizaga bikomeze gukurikizwa  no mu itorero ry’intumwa (Abagalatiya 2:14). Hari abavuga ko abo bayuda bari barahindutse bakakira gakiza bagezaho bagashaka kwihuza n’abandi bayuda babaga mu idini ya kiyuda ari yo dini yabarizwagamo abafarisayo n’abanditsi. Hari abantu bavuga uru rwandiko rwari rwandikwe umubare munini w’abatambyi benshi bari barizeye (Ibyakozwe 6:7).

Ingingo nyamukuru

Yesu Kristo ari hejuru ya byose. Hejuru y’abamalayika, abatambyi, imihango n’amategeko byo mu isezerano rya kera. Abera bose ntibakwiye kwirengagiza agakiza gakomeye gutyo kazanywe na Yesu Kristo.

Twongere twibutse uri gusoma iyi nkuru wese ko uru rwandiko rwanditswe mu gihe hari itotezwa rikomeye ku bakiristo. Abenshi muri bo bari abayuda bakiriye agakiza bari mo bahura n’igishuko cyo guhindura idini bakava mu idini ry’intumwa (idini rya Kiristo) bagasubira mu idini rya Kiyuda bahozemo ryakurikizaga imihango n’amategeko by’abayuda (imihango n’amategeko biboneka mu isezerano rya Kera, ibyo byari kubakiza itotezwa kuko bari kuba bihakanye Kristo.

Ingingo nyamukuru kwari ugukomeza kwizera uburuhukiro bw’ukuri buboneka muri Kristo kandi buri wese agashishikariza undi gukora atyo. Niyo mpamvu uyu mwanditsi yabandikiye urwandiko rwo kubamenyesha ko Yesu aruta abahanuzi, abatambyi, abamalayika, amategeko, imihango, Mose n’ibindi byose bashoboraga gukeka ko ari byo byabahesha indi nzira y’ubusamo yo kubona  agakiza, ibyo bari kugenda bakurikiye mu idini ya Kiyuda cyangwa se ibyo  babwirwaga n’abababwirizaga bashishikariza guhindura bakava mu itorero ry’intumwa bakajya mu idini rya Kiyuda.

Muri make iki gitabo cyanditswe ngo kigaragaze urwego rw’ikirenga rwa Kristo ( Christ’s supremacy)

Imiterere y’iki gitabo

  • Uko Yesu aruta abamalayika – Abaheburayo 1:1; Abaheburayo 2:18.
  • uko Yesu aruta amategeko n’ibyakorwaga byose mu isezerano rya Kera – Abaheburayo 3:1Abaheburayo 10:18.
  • guhamagarirwa gukiranuka no kwihanganira ibibagerageza – Abaheburayo 10:19Abaheburayo 12:29.
  • impuguro ziheruka n’intashyo – Abaheburayo 13:1-25.

Kuki iki gitabo ari ingenzi?

Igitabo cy’abaheburayo byeruye kiduha ishusho y’umurimo w’ubutambyi wa Kristo mu buzima bw’umukristo. Yesu yari umwana w’Imana wavuye mu ijuru kandi akaba umuntu byuzuye. Binyuze mu murimo we w’ubutambyi yaharuriye umuntu wese inzira yo kwegera Imana mu ijuru binyuze mu isengesho (Abaheburayo 4:14-16). Ubutambyi bwa Kristo burenze ubwa Aroni bwo mu isezerano rya Kera kuko muri Yesu tubona gukizwa by’iteka ( Abaheburayo 5:1-9).  Hejuru y’ibyo ni umutambyi mukuru uhoraho kandi uboneye, waruse abandi batambyi bose kuko we yitambye ubwe n’igitambo kizima kitagira inenge cyangwa icyaha ahubwo akitanga mu cyimbo cy’ibyaha byacu ( Abaheburayo 7:24-26; Abaheburayo 9:28).

Iki gitabo kivuga muri make uko Yesu aruta abantu n’abamalayika (umwana w’Imana), n’uko ari umutambyi mukuru kurenza Aroni, umwanzuro w’iki gitabo ni ugusaba abagenzi bajya mu ijuru kubaho ubuzima bwo Kwizera nkuko intwari za mbere zabigenje. Abo ni Abeli, Enoki, Nowa, Aburahamu, Mose n’abandi.

 Ibintu by’ingenzi wamenya ku gitabo cy’abaheburayo

  • Umwanditsi: hari abantu batatu bikekwa umwe muri bo ariwe wanditse uru rwandiko, abo ni Pawulo, Apolo na Luka.
  • Abandikiwe: Abaheburayo
  • Rwanditswe ryari: uru rwandiko rwanditswe muri 67. Bivugwa ko rwandikiwe i Yerusalemu ariko ntibiremezwa neza.
  • Kubera iki rwanditswe; ngo rusobanure umurimo w’ubutambyi wa Kristo
  • Rwasobanuriraga bande: abayuda bakijijwe

IBIHE BY’INGENZI

  • Kristo ari hejuru y’abamalayika.
  • Umurimo wa Kristo w kurema, gucungura, ubuvugizi
  • Kristo aruta Mose
  • Ikiruhuko cy’ukuri cy’abizera
  • Kristo aruta Aroni
  • Gukura mu mwuka
  • Ubutambyi bwa Krsito bugereranywa n’ubwa Melikisedeki.
  • Gukomera kw’isezerano rishya
  • Gutandukanya ahera ho mu isi n’ahera ho mu ijuru
  • Gutandukanya ibitambo by’intama byo mu isi n’ibitambo by’intamo yo mu ijuru.
  • Ingingo zitandukanye ku kwizera.
  • uko watsinda irushanwa ryo kwizera (igice cya mbere)
  • uko warushanwa irushanwa ryo kwizera (igice cya Kabiri)

UMWIHARIKO W’IKI GITABO

  • uru rwandiko ni cyo gitabo kivuga byuzuye ubutambyi bukuru bwa Kristo kurusha ibindi bitabo byose byo mu isezerano rishya. Gisubiza ikibazo kivuga ngo “ubu Yesu arihe ari gukora iki?”
  • Iki gitabo gifatwa nk’ivanjili ya gatanu. Ivanjiri 4 za mbere (Matayo, Mariko, Luka na Yohana) zivuga ubuzima bwa Yesu ku isi, ariko uru rwandiko ruvuga ibyo ari gukora aka kanya mu ijuru.
  • Mu Abaheburayo 10:11 haduhishurira ko uru rwandiko rwanditswe urusengero rutari rwasenywa na Titusi muri 70.
  • Uru rwandiko rukaba ari cyo gitabo cya nyuma cyanditswe mbere y’uko basenya urusengero.
  • Uru rwandiko ni cyo gitabo cyonyine mu bitabo 27 bigize isezerano rishya bitazwi neza umwanditsi wacyo.
  • Uru rwandiko ni ho tubona ku nshuro ya kabiri muri eshatu ziri mu isezarano rishya zivuga Yesu nk’umushumba.
    1. Yesu yaravuze ngo ni umushumba mwiza (Yohana 10:11).
    2. Mu baheburayo haranditswe ngo ni umutahiza w’intama (Abaheburayo 13:20)
    3. Petero yaravuze ngo ni umutahiza mukuru (1 Petero 5:4)
  • Mu kinyejana cya mbere idini rya Kiyuda ryari idini rigezweho ndetse ryemewe n’amategeko y’ubwami bw’abaromani. Ubukiristo ku rundi ruhande ntabwo bwari bwemewe. Byatumaga abayuda bamwe bakijijwe bagononwa no guhamya Yesu kuko byashoboraga kubaviramo urupfu bityo bakumva bakisubirira mu idini y’abayuda bahozemo. Uru rwandiko rwari urwo kubahwitura ngo be kuyoba basubire inyuma ahubwo bagire umweto wo gukura mu mwuka. Luther, Zwingli, na Calvin bakoresheje amahame bakuye muri iki gitabo ubwo bazanaga impinduramatwara:
    1. Nta gitambo kindi uretse icy’i Kaluvari.
    2. Nta mutambyi w’undi utari Krsto
    3. Nta Penetensiya iruta intebe y’ubuntu
  • Iki gitabo gihuza abagenzi bo mu isezerano rya kera n’abagenzi berekeza i Siyoni ho mu ijuru bo mu isezerano rishya. (Abaheburayo 3:7Abaheburayo 4:16).
  • Uru rwandiko ni rwo rubonekamo  umurongo uteza impaka nyinshi mu byanditswe byose. Uwo murongo nI abaheburayo 6:4-6.
  • Uru rwandiko rubonekamo igice kivuga imyitwarire idakebakeba ikwiyeabagenzi bajya mu ijuru
  • Muri uru rwandiko ni ho tubona igisobanuro nyakuri cya Bibiliya (Abaheburayo 4:12)
  • Muri uru rwandiko ni ho tubona inshuro ya gatatu ari na yo ya nyuma Yesu yarize yiyongera kuri 2 twari dusabzwe tuzi.
    1. Yohana 11:35 (i Betaniya)
    2. Luka 19:41 (bugufi bw’ i Yerusalemu)
    3. Abaheburayo 5:7 (i Gitsemani)
  • Iki gitabo ni cyo kivuga amazina y’abantu benshi bo isezerano rya Kera kurusha ibindi bitabo byose byo mu isezerano rishya. Aho kivuga abanyyu bagera kuri 23.
  • Iki gitabo gitanga impuguro ku bintu 8:
    1. Kwigira ntibindeba (Abaheburayo 3:1-3)
    2. Kutizera (Abaheburayo 3:12)
    3. Kugwingira mu mwuka (Abaheburayo 5:11-14)
    4. Gukora ibyaha ubizi (Abaheburayo 6:4-6)
    5. Kudahozaho (Abaheburayo 10:25)
    6. Ubwoba (Abaheburayo 10:38)
    7. Gucika intege (Abaheburayo 12:3-5)
    8. Gusharira (Abaheburayo 12:15)
  • Uru rwandiko ni rwo rwanditsemo intwari zo kwizera. Uru rwandiko ruduha ibisubizo bitari byarigeze bitangwa ku bintu byabaye mu isezerano rya Kera.
    1. Kuki Nowa yubatse inkuge?
    2. Kuki Aburahamu yavuye muri Uri (Abaheburayo 11:10) n’impamvu yabashije gutamba Isaka ( Abaheburayo 11:19)
    3. Kuki Mose yavuye muri Egiputa (Abaheburayo 11:25,26)
  • Umwanditsi yifashije ibyanditse mu isezerano rya Kera inshuro 86. Iki nicyo gitabo gikurikira ibyahishuwe mu gukora ibyo inshuro nyinshi.

 

AMAZINA AHABWA YESU MURI IKI GITABO

  1. Umwana w’Imana(Abaheburayo 1:2; Abaheburayo 6:6)
  2. Imfura mu bana b’Imana (Abaheburayo 1:6)
  3. Imana (Abaheburayo 1:8)
  4. Uwiteka(Abaheburayo 1:10)
  5. Yesu (Abaheburayo 2:9)
  6. Umugaba w’agakiza (Abaheburayo 2:10)
  7. Urubyaro rw’Aburahamu (Abaheburayo 2:16)
  8. Umutambyi mukuru w’imbabazi (Abaheburayo 2:17)
  9. Intumwa (Abaheburayo 3:1)
  10. Yesu Kristo (Abaheburayo 3:2)
  11. Umutambyi mukuru ukomeye (Abaheburayo 4:14a)
  12. Yesu Umwana w’Imana(Abaheburayo 4:14b)
  13. Umutambyi mu buryo bwa Melikisedeki (Abaheburayo 6:20; Abaheburayo 7:11, 15, 17, 21)
  14. Uwatubanjirije(Abaheburayo 6:20)
  15. Umwami (Abaheburayo 7:14)
  16. Umutambyi mukuru wera, utagira uburiganya, utandura ,watanduknanijwe n’abanyabyaha (Abaheburayo 7:26)
  17. ukorera ahera ho mu ihema ry’ukuri ryo mu ijuru (Abaheburayo 8:2)
  18. umuhuza w’isezerano rishya(Abaheburayo 8:6)
  19. umutambyi mukuru w’ibyiza bizaza (Abaheburayo 9:11)
  20. uwishyizeho ibyaha byose (Abaheburayo 9:28)
  21. Uwicaye iburyo bw’Imana (Abaheburayo 10:12)
  22. Alufa na Omega w’Imana(Abaheburayo 12:2)
  23. Umucamanzawa bose (Abaheburayo 12:23)
  24. Umuriro ukongora (Abaheburayo 12:29)
  25. umutahiza w’intama (umushumba mukuru)(Abaheburayo 13:20)

Ibyo twifashishije twandika iyi nkuru

Imirongo iboneka muri iyi nkuru
Yohana 1:18; Yohana 1:18; Abagalatiya 1:4; 1 Abakorinto 15:14; Abaheburayo 11:32; Abaheburayo 2:3; Abagalatiya 1:11-12; Ibyakozwe 4:36; Ibyakozwe 13:1-4; Ibyakozwe 18:24; 1 Abakorinto 1:12; 1 Abakorinto 3:4-6; Abaheburayo 5:1-3; Abaheburayo 8:3-5; Abaheburayo 9:6-9; Abaheburayo 10:1; Abaheburayo 13:10-11; Abagalatiya 2:14; Ibyakozwe 6:7; Abaheburayo 1:1; Abaheburayo 2:18; Abaheburayo 3:1; Abaheburayo 10:18; Abaheburayo 10:19; Abaheburayo 12:29; Abaheburayo 13:1-25; Abaheburayo 4:14-16; Abaheburayo 5:1-9; Abaheburayo 7:24-26; Abaheburayo 9:28; Abaheburayo 10:11; Yohana 10:11; Yohana 10:11; Abaheburayo 13:20; 1 Petero 5:4; Abaheburayo 3:7; Abaheburayo 4:16; I abaheburayo 6:4-6; Abaheburayo 4:12; 2 Yohana 11:35; 2 Yohana 11:35; Luka 19:41; Abaheburayo 5:7; Abaheburayo 3:1-3; Abaheburayo 3:12; Abaheburayo 5:11-14; Abaheburayo 6:4-6; Abaheburayo 10:25; Abaheburayo 10:38; Abaheburayo 12:3-5; Abaheburayo 12:15; Abaheburayo 11:10; Abaheburayo 11:19; Abaheburayo 11:25; Abaheburayo 1:2; Abaheburayo 6:6; Abaheburayo 1:6; Abaheburayo 1:8; Abaheburayo 1:10; Abaheburayo 2:9; Abaheburayo 2:10; Abaheburayo 2:16; Abaheburayo 2:17; Abaheburayo 3:1; Abaheburayo 3:2; Abaheburayo 4:14; Abaheburayo 4:14; Abaheburayo 6:20; Abaheburayo 7:11; Abaheburayo 6:20; Abaheburayo 7:14; Abaheburayo 7:26; Abaheburayo 8:2; Abaheburayo 8:6; Abaheburayo 9:11; Abaheburayo 9:28; Abaheburayo 10:12; Abaheburayo 12:2; Abaheburayo 12:23; Abaheburayo 12:29; Abaheburayo 13:20;

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Umugenzi ujya mu ijuru.
"We believers, we're Princes of heaven"