Abagalatiya: sobanukirwa n’urwandiko rwandikiwe Abagalatiya n’impamvu rwanditswe

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Urwandiko rw’abagalatiya cyangwa se abagalatiya ni igitabo cya cyenda mu bigize isezerano rishya.

Umwanditsi w’iki gitabo

Umurongo wa mbere w’uru rwandiko ugaragaza ko rwanditswe na Pawulo. Uretse abanditsi bake bo mu kinyejana cya cumi n’icyenda nta wumdi muntu wigeze ashaka guhakana ko ari Pawulo warwanditse.

Igihe cyandikiwe n’abandikiwe iki gitabo

Mbese i Galatiya hari he?

Galatiya yari intara yo mu bwami bw’abaromani yari iherereye muri Anatoliya. Anatoliya rikaba ari izina rindi rya Asiya nto. Tukaba tuboneyeho kubamenyeha ko ahari Anatoliya cyangwa se Asiya nto ubu ariho hari Turukiya.  Iyi ntara ya Galatiya yari iherereye hagati muri Asiya nto. (central Anatolia)

Urugendo rwa Pawulo muri Galatiya

Kumenya igihe uru rwandiko rwandikiwe byagusaba kubanza kumenya neza ngo ni bande uru rwandiko rwandikiwe. Abantu bandikiwe uru rwandiko ntibavugwaho rumwe bityo reka turebe impande zombi z’abavuga ku ngingo y’abandikiwe uru rwandiko.

• Ingingo ivuga ko ari abantu bo muri Galatiya y’amajyaruguru: ayo makuru avuga gutyo  niyo yaje kera. Ayo makuru avuga ko uru rwandiko rwandikiwe amatorero yari aherereye muri Galatiya y’amajyaruguru ari yo Pessinus, Ancyra and Tavium. Ako gace niko umwami Gauls yari yaratuyemo ubwo yakigaruriraga mu kinyejana cya gatatu mbere ya Kristo.  Byavuzwe ko Pawulo yasuye aka gace mu rugendo rwe rwa kabiri rw’ubumisiyoneri n’ubwo mu byakozwe n’intumwa nta hantu na hamwe hagaragaza ko yahageze. Bivugwa ko urwo rwandiko rwandikiwe abo bantu rwaba rwaranditswe hagati ya 53 na 57 rukandikirwa muri Efeso cyangwa Makedoniya.
• Ingingo ivuga ko ari abantu bandikiwe ari abo muri Galatiya y’amajyepfo: iyi nkuru ivuga ko uru rwandiko rwandikiwe amatorero yo mu majyepfo y’intara ya Galatiya (Galatiya twayisobanuye hejuru). Ayo matorero ni Antiyokiya, Ikoniya, Lusitira na Derube. Ayo matorero Pawulo yayashinze ubwo yari ku rugendo rwa mbere rw’ubumisiyoneri.  Bamwe bavuga ko Pawulo yanditse uru rwandiko ubwo yari  muri Antiyokiya yo muri Siriya hagati y’umwaka wa 48-49 ubwo yari asoje urugendo rwe rwa mbere rw’ivugabutumwa ategereje kujya mu nama yabereye i Yerusalemu (Ibyakozwe 15:1). Abandi bavuga ko yarwanditse ari muri Antiyokiya yo muri Siriya cyangwa i Korinto hagati ya 51 na 53.

Abanditsi benshi bahamya iyi nkuru ivuga ko Pawulo yanditse uru rwandiko muri 49 A.D akarwandikira muri Antiyokiya.

Byagenze bite ngo Pawulo yandike uru rwandiko?

Judaizers cyangwa abanyedini b’idini rya Kiyahudi bagendera ku mategeko n’imihango byanditse mu isezerano rya Kera. Nyuma y’uko abantu benshi bahindutse bakizera Kristo, idini ryabo ryarahungabanye kuko ibyo bigishaga byari bitandukanye n’ibyo intumwa zabwirizaga.  Bamwe muri bo baje kwinjira mu itorero bagamije guhindura ukuri no gukora ku buryo bushoboka bwose abantu bo mu itorero bakomeza gukurikiza iby’imico, imihango n’amategeko ya Mose.  Ubwo bivuze ko bageze mu itorero bari abayuda bamera Kristo cyangwa se abayuda b’abakiristo ariko bizera ibindi bintu bitari Yesu gusa. Urugero ni nko kuziririza imihango yo mu isezerano rya kera no gukurikiza ibyanditse mu mategeko ya Mose. Bari abantu bashaka ko imihango ya kera ikomeza gukurikizwa mu itorero ryo mu isezerano rishya. Bageze muri Galatiya bakurikiye Pawulo batangira kwigisha abanyamahanga bari barakiriye Yesu ko bagomba gukurikiza iby’imihango ya kera n’amategeko yo mu isezerano rya kera cyane cyane gukebwa.  Uretse gukebwa hari n’ibindi nko kuziririza ibyo kurya, kubahiriza isabato n’ibindi. Bavugaga ko udakora ibyo adashobora kuba umwana w’Imana. Maze batangira guhatira abantu (abanyamahanga) gukebwa no gukurikiza ayo mategeko. Niyo mpamvu Pawulo yandika iki gitabo, yavuze ko ibyo gukebwa no gukurikiza anaqtegeko byatewe n’indyadya, zinjijwe rwihereranwa no gutata umudendezo w’abanyetorero bafite muri Kristo Yesu, kugira ngo babashyire mu bubata  (Abagalatiya 2:4).

Uretse n’ibyo aba bagabo banavugaga ko Pawulo atari intumwa y’ukuri yo kwizerwa ko yayobye agatangira gukura ibintu bimwe na bimwe mu byanditswe ngo abanyamahanga bamukunde, ndetse ko atagendana urwandiko rugaragaza ko ari intumwa (recommandation letter) bivuze ko atatumwe n’itorero ry’i Yerusalemu ryari riyobowe na Yakobo, Petero na Yohana (Abagalatiya 2:9). Niyo mpamvu ku murongo ubanza w’igitabo Pawulo yavuze ko ari intumwa itari iy’abantu kandi ko atari abantu bamutumye ahubwo yatumwe na Yesu Kristo n’Imana Data wa Twese wamuzuye.

Nk’uko tubibonye, Pawulo mu kubasubiza yabanje yabahamiriza neza ko ari intumwa kandi ko ubutumwa atanga ari ubwa Kristo. Ibyo yabivuze kugirango ashimangire umucyo, kudafudika n’ukuri kwari mubyo yabigishije. Agiye kugira icyo avuga kuri bagenzi be bavugaga ko hari ibyo umuntu agomba kubanza yakora ngo abone kugaragara nk’ukiranutse imbere y’Imana cyangwa agakiza kazanwa n’imirimo (works of the law), Pawulo yavuze ko abo bagenzi be bagoretse ubutumwa bwiza bw’ubuntu kandi ko mu gihe umuntu atirinze izo nyigisho byamusubiza mu bubata bw’amategeko.

Ni Ubuntu binyuze mu kwizera. Iyo niyo inzira yonyine umuntu anyuramo ngo agaragare nk’ukiranutse imbere y’Imana kandi ko abantu bagomba kuba muri ubwo buzima bushya bw’umudendezo.

Uru rwandiko rutwigisha iki?

Abagalatiya ni urwandiko rwiza rwo mu isezerano rishya ruvuga neza ko abantu bakizwa no kwizera Kristo. Nta kindi kintu kiri munsi y’ibyo cyangwa icyo warenzaho ngo ukizwe keretse kwizera Kristo gusa. Ntabwo twezwa n’imirimo itegetswe n’amategeko (legalistic works) ahubwo twezwa (sanctification) no kubaha Imana bituruka mu kwizera Imana k’ubwimirimo ye idukorera. Iyo ni imirimo ikorera muri wowe kandi binyuze muri wowe kubw’ubuntu n’imbaraga za Yesu n’Umwuka Wera. Ibyanditse mu gitabo cy’abagalatiya hamwe n’abaroma biri mu byatumye habaho impinduramatwara ya Giporotestanti. Urwandiko rw’abagalatiya rukunzwe kwitwa urwandiko rwa Luteri “Luther’s book” kubera ko Martin Luther yibandaga cyane ku byanditse muri iki gitabo igihe cyose yigishaga. Umurongo w’ingenzi w’iki gitabo nI abagalatiya 2:16

Ibigize uru rwandiko

• Pawulo avuga ibihamya ko ari intumwa y’ukuri, atangaho umugabo izindi ntumwa z’I yerusalemu ko nazo zemera inyigisho ze, anahinyuza Petero ku kwigisha ubutumwa bw’ukuri –Abagalatiya 1:1 -Abagalatiya 2:14.
• Uwizera Kristu wese aheshwa kuba umukiranutsi no kwizera si kubw’imirimo itegetswe n’amategeko. Kwizera kwa Aburahamu kwamuhanirijwe no gukiranuka. Abantu bose babatirijwe muri Kristo ni bamwe ni urubyaro rwa Aburahamu bakaba abaragwa b’amasezerano yahawe Aburahamu –Abagalatiya 2:15 – Abagalatiya 3:29
• Impungenge za Pawulo ko abagalatiya bazongera bagakora iby’ubupagani nibongera gusubira mu gukurikiza amategeko y’Abayuda.  Yarabacyashye ababuza kwemera ibyo gukebwa ahubwo abasaba gukoresha umudendezo bafite muri Kristo bakundana urukundo nyakuri.  –Abagalatiya 3:30- Abagalatiya 4:15
• Mu gice gisoza, Pawulo yingingira abagalatiya kuyoborwa n’umwuka, buri wese yikorera umutwaro wa mugenzi we, babana neza. Asoza abacyaha kudakurikiza iby’imihango yo gukebwa ahubwo bagakurikza ubutumwa bwiza bwa Yesu. Abagalatiya 4:16- Abagalatiya 6:18.

Imirongo y’ingenzi wabonamo insanganyamatsiko y’iki gitabo

• Abagalatiya 2:15-16
• Abagalatiya 5:6
• Abagalatiya 5:22-25
• Abagalatiya 6:7-10

Ibyo twifashishije twandika iyi nkuru?

• Introduction to Galatians (https://www.learnreligions.com/book-of-galatians-701037) Retrieved 04 January 2021
• Book of Galatians (https://www.biblestudytools.com/galatians/) Retrieved 04 January 2021
• Galatians (https://www.insight.org/resources/bible/the-pauline-epistles/galatians) Retrieved 04 January 2021