Gukizwa ari byo abenshi bita kwakira agakiza biroroshye, gusa gukomeza urugendo rw’agakiza no kubaho ubuzima bwa gikirisito bigora benshi. Abantu benshi iyo bahuye n’intambara, ingorane, gusabwa kwiyambura iby’isi ndetse n’ibindi biboneka mu nzira y’agakiza babyakira bitandukanye. Hari abahitamo gukomeza urugendo, hari abahitamo kubivamo bakisubirira aho bahoze ariko hari n’abandi bahitamo gukora ibyaha kandi bicaye mu rusengero. Mu bakora ibyaha kandi bitwa ko bakijijwe hari ababa bishingikirije ku nyigisho nyinshi z’ubuyobe zibemerera gukora icyaha. Abenshi bayobya abandi bihisha inyuma y’uko bazi Tewologiya nk’ubumenyi mu bya Bibiliya.
Kumenya Tewologiya bivuze iki?
Tewologiya ni ijambo cyangwa inyito ikunze kugaruka mu magambo menshi y’abayoboke b’amadini ya gikirisito. Abenshi bumva ko gusobanukirwa Tewologiya byafasha umuntu kumenya neza uko akwiye kugenda mu nzira ya gikiristo. Ikindi abenshi bemera ko abayobozi b’amadini bakwiye kumenya Tewologiya kugira ngo babashe kuyobora neza umukumbi bashumbye.
Ubusanzwe ijambo kumenya Tewologiya byari bikwiye kunganya ubusobanuro cyangwa agaciro no kumenya ijambo ry’Imana.
Nkansah-Obrempong, umwarimu muri kaminuza ya Nairobi Evangelical Graduate School of Theology akaba anafite impamyabumenyi y’ikirenga (Ph.D) muri Tewologiya yakuye muri kaminuza ya Fuller theological Seminary, California, muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe z’Amerika, mu gitabo yise “African Bible Commentary” yagize ati “Tewologiya ya gikiristo ni ugutekereza ku byo twizera n’imisengere yacu bihura n’ijambo ry’Imana kandi bikagendana n’ibihe tugezemo”. Akomeza agira ati “Tewologiya nyakuri ikwiye kuba ishingiye ku byanditswe, ntikwiye kubusanya n’ijambo ry’Imana cyangwa ngo ishyigikire ubusobanuro bw’ibinyoma bitera benshi kwakira ikinyoma bakagifata nk’aho ari ukuri”.
Ubuyobe (heresy) ni ukubusanya n’inyigisho fatizo ndetse n’imyemerere igaragazwa n’ibyanditswe. Mu nyandiko za gishumba zitandukanye arizo 1 Timoteyo, 2 Timoteyo na Tito hagaragara ubutumwa butandukanye burwanya inyigisho z’ubuyobe. (1 Timoteyo 1:3-11; 1 Timoteyo 4:1-16; 2 Timoteyo 1:13-14; 2 Timoteyo 4:1-5; Tito 1:9-16; Tito 2:1)
Mu rwandiko rwa kabiri rwanditswe na Petero mu gice cyarwo cya kabiri (2 Petero 2:1-3) agaruka ku bigisha b’ibinyoma cyane aho agira ati “Abigisha b’ibinyoma bazana rwihereranwa inyigisho zirema ibice zitera kurimbuka”. Akomeza agira ati “Bihakana shebuja wabacunguye”, Aho yashakaga kugaragaza Yesu Kristo.
Ku murongo wa gatatu avuga ko irari ryabo ariryo ribatera gushaka indamu mbi ku bantu bababwira amagambo y’amahimbano. Ku murongo wa 19 hagaragaza ko abo ari nk’amasoko yakamye, kandi bacitse intege mu kurwanya icyaha ahubwo bahinduka imbata yacyo.
Hagira hati “Babasezeranya umudendezo nyamara ubwabo ari imbata z’ibiboze, kuko icyanesheje umuntu kiba kimuhinduye n’imbata yacyo.” (2 Petero 2:19)”. Icyo gice cyose kigaragaza imiterere yabo
Mu isezerano rishya hagaragara ingero z’inyigisho z’ibinyoma zabayeho kandi, zishobora kuba zikiriho na bugingo n’ubu, n’ubwo zaba zarahinduriwe inyito. Izo ni nka Judaizers, Gnostics na Nicolaitans.
Mu nyandiko zacu zikurikira tuzabasobanurira buri nyigisho icyo yavugaga gusa uyu munsi twifuje kubasangiza icyo inyigisho z’abanikolayiti (Nicolaitans) zavugaga.
Abanikolayiti
Abanikolayiti babaga mu mujyi wa Efeso na Perugamo (Ibyahishuwe 2:6; Ibyahishuwe 2:15). Aho hombi ubu ni muri Turukiya y’ubu. Efeso ni umugi wari uzwiho ibigirwamana ariko hakaba ikigirwamana kizwi cyane cyitwa Arutemi. N’aho Perugamo ni umujyi wafatwaga nk’intebe ya Satani kubera ibyaha byahakorerwaga n’ubwinshi bw’ibigirwamana byari bihari ariko ikizwi cyane ni icyitwa Zewusi (Zeus) .
Mu inzandiko Yohana yandikiye aya matorero yabihanije cyane kudakurikiza inyigisho z’Abanikolayiti. Twifashishije inkoranyamagambo ya Bibiliya yanditswe na Smith ivuga ko “abanikolayiti bari abayoboke b’umugabo witwaga Nikolawo” barangwaga n’imyifatire mibi cyane Imana yanga nk’uko tubibona mu gitabo cy’ Ibyahishuwe 2:6; Ibyahishuwe 2:15
Bibiliya ivuga inyigisho zabo zasaga neza neza n’inyigisho za Balamu arizo kurya ibyaterekejwe ibigirwamana n’ubusambanyi kandi byari bihabanye n’iteka ry’itorero rigaragara mu gitabo cy’ Ibyakozwe 15:20, Ibyakozwe 15:29
Bibiliya ikomeza ivuga ko abameze batyo ari abayoboke ba Balamu (2 Petero 2:15; Yuda 1:11)
Muri make, bemeraga kwijandika mu busambanyi no kurya ibyaterekejwe ibishushanyo. Bikabatera kugira agakiza kavanze n’ibyaha.
Nikolawo uvugwaho gutangiza iri dini ni muntu ki?
Nkuko bigaragara mu nyandiko zanditswe n’abakuru b’itorero rya mbere aribo Ireneus mu gitabo yanditse cyitwa Adversus haereses cyangwa se Against Heresies mu rurimi rw’icyongereza na Hippolytus mu gitabo yanditse cyitwa Refutatio ominium haeresium cyangwa se Refutation of all heresies mu rurimi rw’icyongereza. (Iki gitabo yanditse abenshi bakizi ku izina rya Philosophumena). Bavuze ko iri dini ryavuye ku mugabo witwaga Nikolawo wo muri Antiyokiya .
Uyu akaba yari mu batoranijwe nk’abadiyakoni ba mbere nkuko bigaragara mu Ibyakozwe 6:5. Uyu Nikolawo ntiyari umuyuda nyakuri, gusa yari yarahinduye idini, ava mu idini ya gipagani ajya mu idini rya kiyuda (Judaism). Nyuma yaje kongera guhindura ahinduka umukirisito. Bisobanuye ko yahinduye idini inshuro zigera kuri ebyiri. Bigatanga ubusobanuro ko yari yarigeze kubaho umupagani, umuyuda nyuma aza kuba umukirisitu.
Kubera iki abantu benshi bayobotse inyigisho z’Abanikolayiti?
Umujyi wa Efeso uvugwamo abanikolayiti wari umugi uzwi ku idini rya gipagani rizwi cyane ry’ikigirwamana cyitwa Arutemi (Ibyakozwe 19:21). Naho Perugamo habaye ibigirwamana n’amadini ya gipagani menshi byatumye uba umujyi w’ibyaha kuruta indi mijyi yose y’icyo gihe hakitwa “intebe ya Satani” (Ibyahishuwe 2:13)
Kuba muri iyo mijyi iteye gutyo ugatandukana n’imirimo ya gipagani ku bantu bifuzaga gukizwa byari bigoye kuko gusenga ibigirwamana no gukora ibyangwa n’amaso y’Uwiteka byari izingiro ry’ubuzima bw’iyo mijyi.
Gutentebuka ukava mu byizerwa bishobora kuba byari ibintu byoroshye ku bantu bari bafite agakiza kadakomeye mu gihe abo bafitanye isano bose badakijijwe kandi gukorera Satani ari bwo buzima bwabo.
Bigaragara neza ko Abanikolayiti bari abantu bafite ikirenge kimwe mu bukirisito ikindi mu biteye isoni Imana yanga. Ibi byatumaga ubukirisito bwabo butagira imbaraga no guhamya.
Abahanga benshi mu bya Bibiliya bavuga ko ibyo aribyo byatumye Nikolawo abona ko ibyo ntacyo bitwaye kuba umukirisito ariko ugakomeza gukora ibyo wakoraga mbere utarakizwa.
Indi mpamvu igaragazwa yateraga abantu kuyoboka iyo dini ni uko mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bw’Abaromani, abatware batambiraga ibitambo ibigirwamana byabo. Abakiristo benshi babageragereshaga kujya gutamba ibitambo cyangwa kurya inyama zavuye kuri ibyo bitambo. Ibi byatumye abenshi bakora ibyangwa n’amaso y’Uwiteka kugira ngo badatotezwa.
Ibirori byo gutamba ibyo bitambo byaberagamo ibyaha byinshi byangwa n’amaso y’Uwiteka harimo n’ubusambanyi. Ikibabaje kurenza ibyo ni uko abanikolayiti bafashe bimwe mu bikorerwa muri ibyo birori batangira kubizana mu itorero bakigisha abakiristo kubikora.
Kuki bagereranywaga na Balamu w’i Pewori?
Mu gitabo cyo Kubara 23 tuhasanga inkuru y’umugabo witwa Balamu wahawe ibiguzi ngo avume ubwoko bwa Isiraheli. Muri iki gice tubona ko Uwiteka yamubujije kubikora ndetse agashyira mu kanwa ke amagambo yo kubahesha umugisha. Nyuma yo kunanirwa kubavuma Balamu yakoresheje ubundi buryo kugira ngo arimbure ubwo bwoko. Mu gitabo cyo Kubara 25:1-3 tubonako yakoresheje abakobwa b’i Mowabu kuzajya bashukashuka abasore bo mu bwoko bw’Imana bakabatumira mu birori byabo bakabagusha mu byaha by’ubusambanyi, no kuramya ibigirwamana.
Nk’uko Abisirayeli baguye bakijandika mu byaha ni ko na Abanikolayiti bakoraga. Bemeraga ko gusambana no kuramya ibigirwamana ari ntakibazo.
Ese abanikolayiti baracyariho?
Inyigisho za Balamu n’banikolayiti zihagarariye inyigisho zose zibwiriza gukizwa ariko ugakomeza gukora ibyaha. Mu yindi nyito ni ukugira agakiza kavanze.
Abanikolayiti basa n’abantu bose bumva ko batagomba kubaho ubuzima bwejejwe. Ni abantu bashaka kuba abakiristo ariko bakora ibyaha kubera impamvu zitandukanye batanga. Uruhande rumwe uzumva ari abakiristo ariko nugenzura ibyo bakora usange bihabanye n’ibyo Bibiliya ivuga (Tito 2:11-13)
Ibyo twifashishije twandika iyi nkuru
- Tokunboh ADEYEMO, African bible commentary “Theological heresy” James Nkansah-Obrempong
- Ireneus, Adversus haereses (adv i.26,3; iii.10,7)
- Hippolytus,philosophumena.(philos., vii.36)
- Kerr C. M. Nicolaitans Biblestudytools. https://www.biblestudytools.com/dictionary/nicolaitans/
- Renner ministries. (August 27, 2016 ) Who were the Nicolaitans, and what was their doctrine and deeds? https://renner.org/who-were-nicolaitans-what-was-doctrine-deeds/
- Hope B. (May 20, 2019) Who Were the Nicolaitans in Revelation? Why Did God Hate Their Practices So Much? https://www.christianity.com/wiki/people/who-were-the-nicolaitans-in-revelation-why-did-god-hate-their-practices-so-much.html
Imirongo yo muri Bibiliya twifashije
1 Timoteyo 1:3-11; 1 Timoteyo 4:1-16; 2 Timoteyo 1:13-14; 2 Timoteyo 4:1-5; Tito 1:9; 2 Petero 2:1-3; 2 Petero 2:19; Ibyahishuwe 2:6; Ibyahishuwe 2:15, Ibyakozwe 15:20, Ibyakozwe 15:29, 2 Petero 2:15, Yuda 1:11, Ibyakozwe 6:5; Ibyakozwe 19:21, Ibyahishuwe 2:13, Kubara 23:1-20; Kubara 25:1-3
Umugenzi ujya mu ijuru.
"We believers, we're Princes of heaven"
