Herodotus yabonye iki ku bivugwa mu isezerano rya kera? – Isezerano rya kera n’amateka igice cya 13

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Herodotus ni umunyamateka w’umugiriki wabayeho mu kinyejana cya gatanu mbere ya Kristo. Bivugwa ko yabayeho mu mwaka wa 484 kugeza 425 mbere ya Kristo. Mu myaka myinshi yakoze ingendo zidasanzwe mu bihugu by’Abaperesi, Misiri, ndetse na Scytia. Aho hose yarebaga imico itangaje y’abo bantu ba kera cyane. Mu bwana bwe yabaye mu mugi wa Anthene, nyuma aza gutura mu gihugu cy’Ubutariyani aho yamaze imyaka myinshi y’ubuzima ahandikira ibitabo bitandukanye by’amateka.

Kubera ibikorwa bye Cicero yamwise umubyeyi w’amateka. Inyandiko ze zigizwe n’ibitabo 9 bivuga ku ntambara z’abagiriki n’abaperesi mu myaka ya 500-479 mbere ya Kristo. Afatwa nk’umwanditsi wa mbere isi yagize wanditse amateka y’ibintu byabayeho nk’uko biri hatabayeho kongera cyangwa gukuraho bimwe mu bivugwa nayo. Ni ngombwa kumenya ko inyandiko ze zanditswe mu gihe kigoranye aho atabashaga kwandika buri kimwe cyangwa ngo abashe kubika inyandiko zose yabaga yakoze. Kubera iyi mpamvu, amateka menshi yanditswe nawe abitswe mu buryo bw’amajwi.

Herodotus yabonye iki ku bivugwa mu isezerano rya kera?

Inshuro nyinshi cyane, ibyanditswe n’umunyamateka Herodotus n’ibivugwa mu isezerano rya kera birahura. Nonese inyandiko ze zaba zikomoka kuri Bibiliya? Abanditsi n’abahanga bo mu gihe cyacu bamwe bagiye bavuga ko inkuru zivugwa muri Bibiliya zidafite ubukuru nk’ubwo zihabwa, ni muri ubwo buryo bavuga ko inkuru nyinshi ari iza vuba cyane ndetse hari n’abadatinya kuvuga ko hari izanditswe mu gihe cyacu ibintu binyuranye n’ukuri. None umuntu yavuga iki kuri ibyo? Ese hari igihamya cyabasha gutanga ukuri kuri iyi ngingo?

Inyandiko zo mu isezerano rya kera ririmo amateka ya Kera cyane kandi ahuza n’ibivumburwa mu gihe cyacu ku buryo butibeshya. Ibyo bintu byakomeje kugenda bigaragazwa mu binyejana bitandukanye kandi abatari bake bemeye ko Bibiliya ari isoko y’ukuri. Nonese ibi byanditswe byera byaba bifite ubukuru bihabwa kandi byuzuye ukuri nk’uko byizerwa n’abakristo batari bake? Ni byo rwose twabyemeza dufite ikizere n’ibihamya dukura ku banyamateka batandukanye harimo na Herodotus turibuze kwibandaho muri iyi nkuru.

Bibiliya, Herodotus na Misiri

Nk’uko buri mwigishwa wa Bibiliya abizi, ibikorwa by’abanyegiputa n’abisiraheli byagiye bivugirwa hamwe mu mateka atandukanye ya kera. Kuva mu gihe cya Aburahamu kugeza mu gihe cyo kuvanwa mu Misiri, hariho imikoranire hagati ya Misiri n’Abaheburayo. Bibiliya ivuga ko izina rusange ry’umwami wa Misiri ryari FARAWO risobanura “the great house” cyangwa inzu idahangarwa.

Umunyamateka Herodotus avuga Farawo n’imiterere ye mu buryo buhuza neza b’ibyo Bibiliya ivuga. Mu gitabo cy’itangiriro, Farawo avugwa nk’ufite ubushobozi buhambaye ku gihugu cyose (Itangiriro 40:3). Mu buryo nk’ubwo, umunyamateka w’umugiriki avuga ububasha budasanzwe bwa Farawo ku bandi bayobozi ba Egiputa mu gushyiraho amategeko

Ku ngingo ivuga ibya muka Potifari washatse gusambanya Yosefu (Itangiriro 39:7-10), Herodotus avuga umuyobozi wa Egiputa washatse gukora ubushakashatsi ku musore wari uzwiho kwirinda no kubaha Imana yo mu gihugu yakomokagamo yabuzanyaga gusambana. Avuga ko yagerageje kumushuka ariko bikarangira amunaniye.

Mu nzozi z’umuvuzi w’imitsima, yabonye yikoreye ibyibo by’imitsima yera ku mutwe we (Itangiriro 40:16). Herodotus we avuga ko abagore bo muri Egiputa batwara imitwaro ku ntugu naho abagabo bakayitwara ku mutwe, ibintu bihabanye n’ibituwe bikorwa mu yindi mico.

Igitabo cy’itangiriro kivuga ko umunya Egiputa atagombaga gusangira n’umuheburayo kuko kwabaga ari ukwangiza amategeko y’iyobokamana ryabo (Itangiriro 42:32). Abanya Egiputa bafataga abanyamahanga bose nk’abanduye. Kuri iyi ngingo umunyamateka yaranditse ati ”utari umunyamisiri, yaba umugabo cyangwa umugore ntabwo yagombaga guhoberwa, gutizwa icyuma, cyangwa gukora ku kindi kintu cyose cy’umunyamisiri.”

Bibiliya, Herodotus na Siriya

Mu gihe Hezekiya yayoboraga igihugu cya Yudeya, Senakerebu umwami wa Siriya yateye ubwami bwo mu majyepfo ya Isiraheli (2 Abami 18:13). Dukurikije inyandiko ze ubwe, yafashe imigi 46 yo muri Yudeya, yohereje kandi ingabo ze i Yerusalemu aho avuga ko yafungiye Hezekiya nk’inyoni mu cyari. Nyamara ntabwo yabashije kwigarurira uwo murwa wera, kubera iki? Imana ubwayo yaratabaye nyuma y’amasengesho ya Hezekiya bituma abanyasiriya barenga ibihumbi 185 bapfa ku buryo butunguranye mu ijoro rimwe gusa.

Umunyamateka Herododus yanditse byinshi kuri iki cyago cyagwiriye Senakerebu n’ingabo ze. Avuga ko umwami wa Siriya yateye Yerusalemu maze mu ijoro rimwe bagaterwa n’icyago batasobanukiwe cyikarimbura ingabo nyinshi. Akomeza avuga ko iki cyago cyashyize iherezo ku rugamba barwanaga na Yerusalemu.

Ingero nyinshi zo mu mateka no mu busigaratongo zakomeje guhamya ko Bibiliya yuzuye ukuri. Mu by’ukuri, Herodotus atanga ibihamya bidashidikanywaho ku kutibeshya kw’isezerano rya kera. Uburyo byose bihura n’ibyanditswe byera buratangaje cyane. Bibiliya ikomeza gutsinda ibizami byose itegwa n’abayirwanya. Nimureke tuyizere nk’ijambo rikomeye ry’Imana yacu ihoraho.

Murakoze.

Ibyo twifashishije dutegura iyi nkuru:

• Free, Joseph P. 1950. Archaeology and Bible History. Wheaton, IL: Van Kampen Press.
• Rawlinson, George. 1873. Historical Illustrations of the Old Testament. Boston, MA: Henry Young & Co.
• Jackson, Wayne. “Herodotus and the Bible.” ChristianCourier.com. Access date: November 22, 2020. https://www.christiancourier.com/articles/212-herodotus-and-the-bible