Ibintu bitangaje byavumbuwe kuri Nebukadinezari: Isezerano rya kera n’amateka igice cya 6

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Igihugu cya Babuloni gifite amateka menshi kandi yaryoheye benshi mu bayasomye. Uretse kuba yaranyaze ubwoko bwa Isiraheli ku buryo butangaje, burya ari no mu bami bacye ba Babuloni babashije gutegeka iki gihugu kandi agasoza ingoma ye agifite igihugu cyose mu maboko ye. Birashoboka ko waba ibi ubizi neza ariko hari benshi batemera ko inkuru ivugwa na Bibiliya kuri Nebukadinezari ari ukuri. Muri iyi nkuru, mureke turebere hamwe icyo ubusigaratongo n’amateka atandukanye byabashije kuvumbura kuri uyu mugabo watangaje abigeze kumenya amateka ye bose.

Nebukadinezari wa kabili yayoboye nk’umwami w’ubwami bubumbiye hamwe bwa Babuloni (Babylonian Empire) guhera mu mwaka wa 605 kugeza mu wa 562 mbere ya Kristo. Yari mwene Nabopolassar umwami wari warahanze ubu bwami nya bami bwa Babuloni mu mwaka wa 625 mbere ya Kristo.

Nebukadinezari yagize uruhare rukomeye mu mateka adasanzwe y’Abisiraheli ubwoko bwari bwaratoranyijwe n’Imana. Yavuzwe inshuro zitandukanye mu bitabo icyenda (9) byo mu isezerano rya kera. Yatangiye ubwami muri Siriya na Palestine nyuma aza kwigarurira ibice byinshi byo kuri iyi si harimo n’ibice binini bya Yudeya.

Muri iki gihe ubwo yigaruriga igihugu cya Isiraheli, abaturage benshi bakomoka muri ibi bice baranyazwe maze bajyanwa ari imbohe mu gihugu cya Babuloni. Dukurikije icyo Bibiliya ivuga, Daniyeli na Ezekiyeli ni bamwe mu batwawe muri icyo gihe gikomeye kandi aba baje kugira uruhare rukomeye mu gutaha kwabo nyuma y’imyaka myinshi y’uburetwa bakoreshejwe n’ingoma itari yoroshye ya Nebukadinezari. Ku nshuro ya kabiri, umwami Nebukadinezari yongeye kugaruka yigarurira Yudeya, yongera kandi kunyaga ibihumbi n’ibihumbi by’Abisiraheli abajyana i Babuloni harimo n’umwami Yehoyakimu (2 Abami 24:14-15). Mu buryo busobanutse Bibiliya igaruka kuri iki gikorwa ariko kandi amateka ndetse n’ubusigaratongo byose bibisobanura ku buryo buhuza na Bibiliya.

Ameza y’ibumba yo mu gihe cya Nebukadinezari avuga iki?

Mu nzu ndangamurage y’ubwongereza, hari ameza atangaje akoze mu ibumba afite hafi metero eshatu kandi yanditsweho mu buryo bwa gihanga kandi byagaragaye ko izo nyuguti zanditswe mu myaka ya kera nko mu gihe umwami Nebukadinezari yari ku ngoma. Inyandiko ziriho zisobanura mu buryo bw’amashirakinyoma ibikorwa bitandukanye by’umwami Nebukadinezari hagati mu myaka ya 605 na 594 Mbere ya Kristo. Mu gace kavuga ibijyanye n’umwaka we wa karindwi ku ngoma ya Babuloni (ni ukuvuga guhera muri 598 kugeza 597 BC), inyandiko ivuga ko ku musozi wa Kislimu umwami wa Akkad (Nebukadinezari) yasanze ingabo ze mu ibanga ry’umusozi ahitwa Hatti-land cyangwa se Siriya y’ubu, maze aziha amabwiriza yihuse yo gutera no gufata mpiri abantu batandukanye bari batuye umurwa mukuru wa Yudeya.

Inyandiko ikomeza ivuga ko ku munsi wa 2 w’ukwezi kwa Addaru (hari taliki ya 15 werurwe), umwami Nebukadinezari yafashe umugi wa Yerusalemu atwara abaturage ndetse n’umwami bose bagenda ari imbohe kugera bageze i Babuloni. Yahise ashyiraho umwami mushya wagombaga gusimbura uwari wanyazwe witwaga Sedekiya (2 Abami 24: 17) maze asahura ibintu byinshi cyane abitwara i Babuloni. Iyi nyandiko y’Ibyakozwe na Nebukadinezari mu myaka yamaze ayobora ubwami nyabami bwa Babuloni, mu buryo budaca ku ruhande ihuza n’ibyo Bibiliya ivuga kandi amatariki, iminsi ndetse n’imisozi bivugwa muri izi nyandiko ni byo Bibiliya yavuze.

Amatafari ahiye yanditseho izina rya Nebukadinezari yo ahishe iki?

Ahabikwa bimwe mu bikoresho bikuze kurusha ibindi mu gihugu cy’ubwongereza, hari itafari rifite metero 13 z’uburebure kandi byaremejwe ko ryabayeho mu gihe cy’ingoma ngari ya Nebukadinezari. Ryerekana imyubakire y’ingoro y’ikigirwamana cya Mariduki (Marduk) na Nabu byombi byari biherereye i Babuloni mu murwa mukuru w’ubwami bwe. Amagambo yanditseho agira ati “Nebukadinezari, umwami wa Babuloni, umuhungu mukuru wa Nabopolassar umwami w’abami bacu.”

Mu buryo butangaje, iri tafari rifite irindi zina ry’icyarabu “zbn”. Iri zina riboneka mu gitabo cya Ezira 10:43 nka zabina kandi uyu yari umuheburayo umwe mu baheburayo bashatse abagore b’abanyamahanga i Babuloni. Ntabwo tuzi neza niba izina ryanditse kuri iri tafari rishaka kuvuga umuntu uvugwa mu gitabo cya Ezira 10:43, ariko izina Zabina riboneka ku bindi bintu bitanu bitandukanye. Ku bindi bintu, byavuzwe ko ababyeyi be ari Tobiah na Baaliah.

Igicumbi gisoza ayo mazina yombi gihishe izina ry’igiheburayo “Yahu” akaba ari izina ry’Imana (Yahwah) yizerwaga n’Abaheburayo. Ibi rero bisobanura mu buryo bw’amashirakinyoma ko Zabina yari umuyuda. Ibintu bitandukanye byavumbuwe mu bihe binyuranye, byose byemeza ko ingoma ya Nebukadinezari yabayeho kandi yabaye ingoma idasanzwe kuko yabashije kwigarurira byinshi mu bihugu byariho muri icyo gihe. Mu nkuru zitaha ngufituye ibindi bintu bitandukanye byo mu isezerano rya kera byamaze kuvumburwa byose byemeza ukutibeshya kwa Bibiliya. Ushobora kandi kunyandikira ukambwira amateka wifuza ko nazakugezaho mu nkuru zacu z’ubutaha.

Murakoze

Ibyo twifashishije dutegura iyi nkuru:

• Jackson, Wayney. “Nebuchadnezzar and archeology.”ChristianCourier.com.Access date: October 15, 2020. https://www.christiancourier.com/articles/244-nebuchadnezzar-and-archaeology
• Mitchell, T.C. (1988). The Bible in British Museum. London, England p.279

Imirongo y’ibyanditswe byera yifashishijwe:

• Itangiriro 11:31-32; 2 Abami 24:14-15; Ezira 10:43