Imijyi ya Sodomu na Gomora : Isezerano rya kera n’amateka igice cya 2

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Ubukristo ni ukwizera gushingira cyane ku mateka atandukanye y’ibyabaye nk’uko bivugwa na Bibiliya. Amateka n’ubuhanga mu bijyanye n’ubusigaratongo (archeology) bifatanyije byagize uruhare rutaziguye mu gusobanura no kwemeza ibyigishwa na Bibiliya. Byombi byemeje  ukuri  kubivugwa na Bibiliya, havumbuwe myinshi mu mijyi ya kera ndetse n’ibindi bintu bitandukanye bitafatwaga nk’ukuri n’abantu batandukanye harimo n’abanyeshuri bamwe bo mu by’iyobokamana. Ubusigaratongo bwacecekesheje imyumvire nk’iyo kuko byinshi mu byavumbuwe byahuzaga neza n’ibivugwa na Bibiliya. Ibyavumbuwe bitandukanye tuzabigarukaho kimwe ku kindi mu nkuru ndi gutegura, ariko uyu munsi turagaruka ku mijyi ya Sodomu na Gomora izwi n’abatari bacye mu basomyi ba Bibiliya.

Inkuru ya Sodomu na Gomora mu myaka myinshi yafashwe nk’inkuru mpimbano. Abayirwanya bavugaga ko yahimbwe kugirango higishwe imyitwarire myiza mu bantu bitewe no gutinya igihano nk’icyagwiririye imigi ya Sodomu na Gomora. Ariko muri Bibiliya iyi nkuru ifatwa nk’igikorwa cyabayeho, abahanuzi bo mu isezerano rya kera bakomoza cyane ku kurimbuka kw’iyi mijyi mu nyandiko zitandukanye (Yesaya 13:19, Yeremiya 49:18, n’ahandi).

Iyi mijyi kandi yakoreshejwe cyane na Yesu hamwe n’abigishwa be mu nyigisho zitandukanye (Matayo 10:15, 2 Petero 2:6 na Yuda 1:7). None se uretse ibyo, amateka yo avuga iki ku bijyanye no kubaho kw’iyi mijyi? Mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi abahanga bagerageje gukora ubushakashatsi hafi y’inyanja y’umunyu bifuza kugira icyo bamenya kuri Sodomu na Gomora. Itangiriro 14:3 hatubwira aho yari iherereye nk’igikombe cya Sidimu kizwi muri iki gihe nk’inyanja y’umunyu kandi mu gice cy’uburasirazuba hari ibindi bikombe bitandatu n’umugezi utemba werekeza mu nyanja y’umunyu.

Ibikombe bitanu muri bitandatu byari bigize Sidimu, niho havumbuwe iyi mijyi ya kera ya Sodomu na Gomora. Mu mwaka wa 1924, umuhanga mu by’ubusigaratongo (archeologist), Dr. William Albright yageze aha hantu ashaka kugira icyo yamenya ku mijyi ivugwa na Bibiliya ya Sodomu na Gomora. Yasanze yari imijyi yuzuye ubukungu cyane, kandi koko na Bibiliya niko ivuga.

Mu bushakashatsi bwimbitse bwakozwe mu myaka ya 1965, 1967 na 1973, abahanga mu mateka y’ibisigazwa batandukanye bavumbuye urukuta rwari rugaragiye uwo mujyi rufite metero 23 z’umubyimba. Bavumbuye kandi inzu nyinshi cyane n’urusengero byose byo mu gihe cya Sodomu na Gomora. Hanze y’umujyi hari irimbi rinini cyane ahabonetse amagufwa menshi cyane y’abantu bapfuye muri kiriya gihe. Ibyo byose byerekanye ko iyo mijyi yari ituwe cyane mu gihe cy’imyaka ya kera cyane nko mugihe Aburahamu yariho.

Ubushakashatsi ku byavumburwaga muri uwo mujyi bwagaragaje ko umuriro wangije kandi utwika ibintu byinshi. Abantu basanzwe bashyinguwe mu bipfunyika binini cyane by’amakara kandi irimbi ryari hanze gato y’umugi ryagaragaye ko rifite inkuta ndetse n’ibirikingira byahindutse umutuku kubera umuriro udasanzwe watwitse uwo mugi. Habonetse kandi amatafari, amazu, ibyatekerwagamo ndetse n’ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye byose bigaragaza ibimenyetso byo gutwikwa n’umuriro mwinshi.

Dr. Bryant Wood umwe mu bakurikiranye ubu bushakashatsi agerageza gusobanura iby’ayo mazu yahindutse amakara yavuze ko umuriro watangiriye ku nkuta n’ibisenge by’izonyubako z’akataraboneka zari zihari, umuriro wavaga ku bice byavuzwe ukabona kugera mu nzu imbere. Ni uko byari byaragenze ku nzu zose babashije kuvumbura no gukoraho ubushakashatsi. Uko kwangizwa gukomeye guhura neza n’icyo Bibiliya ivuga kuri iyi mijyi, aho itubwira ko yangijwe bikomeye n’umuriro w’amazuku wavuye mu ijuru. Imiterere y’imbaho, amatafari, ibisigazwa by’amazu byagaragajwe n’abahanga byose byemeza ko bihura n’umujyi wa Sodomu uvugwa na Bibiliya.

Imijyi itanu yari igize ikibaya ivugwa mu Itangiriro 14: Sodomu, Gomora, Adima, Seboyimu, Sowari kandi imijyi yasigaye itarimbuwe irahari n’uyu munsi hafi y’inyanja y’umunyu. Iyo umanutse werekeza mu gice cy’amajyepfo y’ikibaya uturutse ahitwa Bad edh-Drha hari umujyi witwa Numeria , ukomeje hepfo hari umujyi witwa Es-Safi. Mu mpera z’ikibaya hakaba imijyi ya kera cyane ya Feifa na Khanazir. Inyigo kuri iyo migi zagaragaje ko nayo yabayeho kera cyane mu myaka ya mbere ya Kristo. Abahanga benshi mu by’amateka bakeka ko Bad edh-Drha ari Sodomu, Numeria ari Gomora naho Es-Safi ikaba Sowari.

Ikintu cyatangaje abanyamateka benshi ni uko umujyi wa Bad edh-Drha ucyekwaho kuba Sodomu na Numeria icyekwaho kuba Gomora yasanzwe ibundikiwe n’ivu ryinshi. Numeria yasanzwe ifite metero nyinshi z’ivu mu bice byayo byinshi. Muri buri mujyi wangijwe, ubutaka bwaho bwasanzwe bwarabaye ivu ndetse n’amakara ibintu bituma hadashobora kongera kubakwa. Dukurikije Bibiliya imidugudu ine yose yarangiritse hasigara Sowari ariho Loti yahungiye. N’ubwo bamwe mu bahanga mu bijyanye n’amateka ndetse n’ibisigaratongo bagishidikanya kuri ubu buvumbuzi budasanzwe, ni kimwe mu bihamya ukutibeshya kwa Bibiliya kandi ubundi bushakashatsi bwose nta na bumwe buranyuranya n’ibivugwa muri yo. Mu nkuru zitaha tuzavuga ku bundi buvumbuzi budasanzwe bwamaze gushyirwa ahagaragara n’abantu batandukanye.

Murakoze

Ibyo twifashishije dutegura iyi nkuru:

• Probe Ministries (26 August 2006), Archeology and old testament (https://bible.org/article/archaeology-and-old-testament)