Uko umunara w’i Babeli wavumbuwe: Isezerano rya kera n’amateka igice cya 4

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Abenshi muri twe twumvise ibijyanye n’umunara w’i Babeli (Itangiriro 11:2-4), ariko bacye nibo bazi igihamya cyawo kirenze icyo Bibiliya ivuga. Hari benshi bavuga ko iyi ari imwe mu nkuru za Bibiliya mpimbano ariko bose bavuguruzwa n’ibyavumbuwe mu myaka ya vuba aho uyu mujyi wari wubatse. Muri iyi nkuru mureke turebe icyo abashakashatsi bavumbuye ku munara wa Babeli kimwe n’ahahoze hubatswe amazu yari ayikikije.

Ubucukumbuzi budasanzwe bwakorewe mu gihugu cya Irake (Iraq) mu ntangiriro z’ikinyejana cya 21 bwagaragaje ko iyi nzu ndende idasanzwe kandi yari yubatswe ku buryo butangaje, yabayeho  muri Babuloni ya kera. Werner Keller yaranditse ati “Mu mwaka w’1899 Sosiyeti y’ubuvumbuzi n’ubuhanga mu bijyanye n’ubusigaratongo (Discovery and Archeology) yo mu budage iyobowe na Proffesor Robert Koldewey, yatangije umushinga udasanzwe wo gukora ubushakashatsi ku nzu izwi kandi ikunzwe y’i Babeli yari iherereye mu gice kizwi cyane cya Babuloni ya kera.”

Inyubako zitangaje kandi z’ibanga zari zisanzwe zubakwa mu gihugu cya Mezopotamiya aricyo Irake mu ri iki gihe cyacu. Mu bushakashatsi butandukanye hagiye haboneka izindi nzu zitangaje zirenga 35 zubatse mu buryo bujya gusa n’ubw’uwo munara wa Babeli wari wubatsemo. Izo nzu zose zakoreweho ubushakashatsi ku buryo bwitondewe ariko ubwimbitse kurusha ubundi bwakorewe ahakekwa ko hari hubatse umunara uzwi cyane wa Babeli.

Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe kandi bukaba ari bumwe mu bwatinze kurusha ubundi bwose bwaba bwarakozwe n’umuntu, havumbuwe Metropolis ariwo mujyi munini udasanzwe wabumbiraga hamwe imbaraga z’ibyubukungu, ibya politiki ukaba uzwi cyane mu isi ya kera kuko wafatwaga nk’umubyeyi w’indi mijyi yose yo mu ngoma y’Abaromani, havumbuwe kandi intebe idasanzwe y’umwami Nebukadinezari nayo ifatwa nka kimwe mu bintu bikuze kurusha ibindi byavumbuwe n’ubusigaratongo bwo mugihe cyacu. Muri iki gihe kandi nibwo abashakashatsi babashije kuvumbura byinshi ku bijyanye n’inzu idasanzwe bise E-temen-an-ki ikaba ariyo nyubako y’amateka y’i Babeli.

Ubuhanga budasanzwe bwo gukoresha amatafari buvugwa na Bibiliya mu kubaka inzu ndende ya Babeli byose bihura n’ibyavumbuwe n’aba bahanga. Nk’uko ubushakashatsi butandukanye bwabyemeje, amatafari yakoranywe ubuhanga niyo gusa yakoreshwaga mu kubaka cyane cyane muri fondasiyo y’inyubako. Ibyo byari ingenzi cyane kugirango hizerwe umutekano w’inyubako yose hagendewe ku mategeko y’imyubakire. Inyandiko ntoya yavumbuwe muri iyo nzu yerekanye uburebure, ubuhagarike n’izindi ngero zitandukanye iyi nzu yagombaga kuzagira kandi uburebure ubutambike n’ubuhagarike byose byari kuzagira ingero zingana.

Abashakashatsi babonye ko uburebure bw’impande zose z’ikibanza bwari bufite metero zirenga 290 kandi abahanga mu bijyanye n’ubusigaratongo batandukanye bavumbuye ko yagombaga kuzagira uburebure bwa kilometero zirenga 300 z’ubujyejuru (Bible as History, 1980 edition, pp. 302).  Ubundi bushakashatsi bwerekanye ko inzu y’umwimerere yangiritse bikomeye ariko iruhande rwayo hakubakwa inzu imeze nkayo mu gihe cy’umwami Nebukadinezari uvugwa muri Bibiliya.

Professor D.j.Wiseman ufite impamya bumenyi y’ikirenga (Phd) mu bumenyi bw’amateka y’ibihugu n’ubwami avuga ko iyo nzu yari iherereye i Babeli yangijwe cyane mu ntambara yabaye mu myaka ya 652-648 mbere ya Kristo. Ariko iza kongera gusanwa igice na Koldewey mu mwaka w’1899 kandi yanavuzwe n’umunyamateka uzwi cyane witwa Herodotus ubwo yayisuraga mu mwaka wa 460 mbere ya Kristo. Mu bipimo yafashe, ikibanza cyapimaga metero 90 kuri 90 kandi inyubako yari ifite uburebure bwa metero 33.

Ziggurat ni iyindi nzu y’ibanga yari i Babuloni, iyi nayo yari yubatswe ku buryo budasanzwe kandi amateka avuga ko yasenywe na Ahasuwerusi mu mwaka wa 472 mbere ya Kristo. Nyuma Alexendre le grand wayoboraga ingoma y’Abagiriki yongeye kugaruka aho yari yubatse amaraho buri kimwe kubyari byubatse iyi nzu. Amatafari yakuweho n’abaturage bari batuye hafi aho kandi uyu munsi ibice bya Etemenaki byagarutsweho n’abanyamateka benshi bemeza ko ariho izi nyubako zari ziri.

Muri ubu bushakashatsi buvuzwe mu buryo buhinnye, dushobora kubona urumuri rwacanwe n’ubusigaratongo rukaba rwarakuyeho ibibazo byibazwaga na benshi ku kuri kwa Bibiliya. N’ubwo abashidikanya bazakomeza kutizera ijambo rikomeye ry’Imana, bacye ndetse bacye cyane nibo bashobora gushidikanya ku mateka avugwa nay o kandi agahura neza n’andi aba yaranditswe n’abahanga batandukanye mu by’amateka n’ubusigaratongo. Ibindi bintu byinshi, cyane cyane ibyavumbuwe n’ubusigaratongo byakomeje kwerekana binemeza umucyo utavuguruzwa utanibeshya uri muri Bibiliya kandi ibyo nzakomeza kubivugaho mu nkuru zizakurikira.

Murakoze

Muri comment ushobora kumbwira icyo wifuza ko nzakubwira mu nkuru zitaha cyangwa ukanyandikira ubutumwa bugufi bw’umwihariko.

Ibyo twifashishije dutegura iyi nkuru:

• Probe Ministries (26 August 2006), Archeology and old testament (https://bible.org/article/archaeology-and-old-testament)
• Bible society of Rwanda (2001). Bibiliya yera mu Kinyarwanda (Igitabo cy’itangiriro igice cya 11)