Mbese mu by’ukuri umusozi wa Sinayi uherereye he? Mu mwaka wa 2013 ahitwa Colloquium muri Isiraheli, itsinda mpuzamahanga ry’abashakashatsi mu by’ubumenyi bw’isi bibajije iki kibazo. Icyatekerezwaga cyane nk’igisubizo kuri Dr. Emmanuel Anati w’umuhanga mu bijyanye n’ubusigaratongo (archeology), ni Karkom, umusozi muremure uboneka mu butayu bwa Negev. Ku rundi ruhande, byarakekwaga ko umusozi wa Sinayi waba uri muri Saudi Arabia aho Mose yahungiye ubwo yavaga mu Misiri. Nonese hagati ya Har Karkom na Saudi Arabia ni hehe mu by’ukuri twabona umusozi wa Sinayi? Hagati mu kwezi kwa Werurwe na Mata mu mwaka wa 2014, Dr. Hershal Shanks umuhanga mu by’amateka yakoze inyigo kuri aha hantu hombi hakekwaho kuba hacumbikiye umusozi wa Sinayi, kandi ibyo yahabonye kimwe n’ibyavumbuwe n’abandi bahanga batandukanye ni byo nshaka kukubwira muri iyi nkuru.
Mu myaka myinshi yashize, umusozi wa Sinayi uvugwa na Bibiliya ntiwabashije kuvumburwa. Haba mu buryo bw’amateka asanzwe cyangwa se hifashishijwe ubusigaratongo, nta buryo na bumwe bwaba bwarabashije kwerekana iby’uyu musozi. Dr. Shrank yaravuze ati “Dukurikije ibyabere i Colloquium, nta muntu n’umwe mu bahanga wabashije kwerekana aho uyu musozi wa kera waba wari uherereye.”
Mu bushakashatsi yakoze imyaka irenga 30 ku musozi wa Karkom uherereye mu majyepfo y’ubutayu bwa Negev kandi ufite uburebure bwa metero 2700, Dr .Emmanuel Anat yaje kwemeza ko yabonye umusozi uvugwa cyane na Bibiliya wa Sinayi. Kuri uyu musozi wa Karkom, Anati yahavumbuye ibisigaratongo bisaga 1300, ibitare bya kera cyane bihishe imirambo bigera ku bihumbi 40,000 ndetse n’ahantu habarizwaga ibitare hagera kuri 120.
Hagati mu myaka ya 4300 na 2000 mbere ya Kristo n’imyaka Dr. Anat yise bronze age complex. Muri iki gihe, umusozi wa Karkom hari ahantu hakomeye mu by’iyobokamana, ni ho ikigirwamana cy’ukwezi cyasengerwaga. Hari ubugeni bwo guconga amabuye, ibibumbano byinshi by’inyamaswa byose byari byarahawe ishusho y’ukwezi. Anati yavuze ko ubuhanga mu byo guconga amabuye bwagaragaraga aha hari aho buhuriye n’ibisate by’amabuye byahawe Mose. Kuri Anat, aha ni ho Mose yabarije ibisate by’amabuye igihe yabitegekwaga n’Imana nyuma yo kumena ibyo yari yahawe mbere. Bituma rero yemeza ko iki ari kimwe mu bihamya ko aha hantu yamaze imyaka irenga 30 haba ariho ku musozi wa Sinayi wa kera.
Dr. Emmanuel Anat yaje kumenya ko ari umusozi wa Karkom werekezwagaho n’abanditsi ba Bibiliya igihe bavugaga umusozi wa Sinayi. Imwe mu mbogamizi uyu mwanzuro wagize, ni uko iyobokamana ridasanzwe ryavuzwe ku musozi wa Karkom ryagaragaye mu myaka irenga 800 mbere y’iyimukamisiri. Kuri iyi ngingo, Anat avuga ko hagomba kuzongera gukorwa inyigo ku bijyanye n’itariki igikorwa cyo kwimuka mu misiri cyaba cyarabereyeho, hakaba hatekerezwa mu mpera z’ikinyagihumbi cya 3 cyangwa mu ntangiriro z’ikinyagihumbi cya 2. Uyu muhanga avuga ko bibaye ari ukuri, iyimukamisiri rikaba ryarabaye icyo gihe, byanze bikunze umusozi uvugwa nka Sinayi n’abanditsi ba Bibiliya ugomba kuba ari uyu wa Karkom yamazeho imyaka irenga mirongo itatu akora ubushakashatsi.
Uyu muhanga kandi yongeye kwiga ubundi buryo busobanura kubaho ibijyanye n’uyu musozi kandi ubwo buryo yabwise Midianite Hypothesis. Agendeye kuri ubu buryo, ntabwo umusozi wa Sinayi wari uherereye mu gace benshi bakeka ka Peninsula, ahubwo avuga ko uyu musozi wari uherereye mu burengerazuba bw’amajyaruguru bw’igihugu cya Saudi Arabia.
Dukurikije inkuru ivugwa muri Bibiliya, Mose yahungiye i Midiani nyuma yo kuva mu gihugu cya Egiputa (Kuva 2:15). Yahungiye kwa Yetiro, umutambyi w’i Midiani kandi uyu yaje kuba sebukwe, hanyuma Mose aza ku musozi w’Imana (Horebu kandi ni umwe mu misozi 2 y’Imana ivugwa na Bibiliya). Kuri uyu musozi, niho Imana yamwiyerekeye kandi imuhamagarira gukura Abisiraheli muri Egiputa (Kuva 3:1-17). Mu buryo busa n’ubutandukanye, itariki y’iyimukamisiri igaragaza ko ahakekwaho kuba umusozi wa Sinayi nta kintu cyari kiwuriho. Nyamara ibice byo mu majyaruguru y’uburengerazuba ya Saudi Arabia yari iri gukura ku rwego rwo hejuru nk’uko byagaragajwe na zimwe mu nyandiko z’abamediyani. Ni bwo bucuzi ndetse n’indi mirimo y’ubugeni yakorwaga cyane muri ibi bice aho umusozi wa Karkom wari uherereye bigatuma abantu batekereza ko umusozi wa Sinayi waba wari aha hantu.
Aho uyu musozi uzwi cyane n’abasomyi ba Bibiliya uherereye bikomeje kuvugwaho byinshi bitandukanye n’abantu batandukanye kandi abashakashatsi benshi bakomeje gukora uko bashoboye kose ngo babe bavumbura ibirenze ku byo uyu mugabo yavumbuye. Ubuvumbuzi bwa Dr. Anat, bwavuzweho byinshi bitandukanye hari ababwemeye nk’ukuri, nyamara ku rundi ruhande, abatari bake bakomeje kwibaza niba babufata nk’isoko y’ukuri. Uko abantu bashidikanya ku byavumbuwe kose, uburyo ibivumburwa bitasobanuka kose, duteneye kumenya ko Bibiliya ari isoko y’ukuri nk’uko twakomeje kubibona no mu nkuru zabanje. Mu zindi nkuru tuzakomeza tureba ibintu bitandukanye byavumbuwe byo mu isezerano rya kera, tuzagaruka k’ubundi bushakashatsi bwakozwe hagamijwe kuvumbura uyu musozi ukomeje gutera benshi amatsiko.
Murakoze
Ibyo twifashishije dutegura iyi nkuru:
- Bible archeology society (2014). Searching for Biblical Mt. Sinai, Saudi Arabia p.262
Imirongo y’ibyanditswe byera yifashishijwe:
- Kuva 2:15 Kuva 3:1-17
Wellars MVUYEKURE ni umunyeshuri muri Kaminuza y'u Rwanda ishami ry'ubuvuzi n'ubumenyamuntu. Ni umukristo watangiye urugendo rujya mu ijuru, yasomye kandi akurikirira hafi amateka avugwa na Bibiliya. Mwandikire cyangwa umuhamagare kuri 0788745884 niba hari icyo udasobanukiwe.
