Ibitabo by’ubutumwa bwiza uko ari bine ari byo Matayo, Mariko, Luka na Yohana ni ibitabo bitubwira inkuru y’ubuzima bwa Yesu Kristo igihe yari ku isi.
Igitabo cya Matayo ni cyo gitabo kibanziriza ibindi bitabo 3 bivuga ubutumwa bwiza bwa Yesu Kristo. Igitabo cy’ubutumwa bwiza cya Matayo hamwe n’igitabo cya Mariko na Luka ni ibitabo byitwa “synoptic Gospels“, kuko byose bihurira ku bintu byinshi kandi bijya gusa. Igitabo cya Matayo ni igitabo cya mbere mu bigize isezerano rishya, kuba ari icya mbere ntibisobanuye ko ari cyo cyanditswe mbere.
Itandukaniro riri hagati y’ibyo bitabo ni ishusho cyangwa uburyo buri umwe yabonagamo Yesu Kristo. Urugero, Matayo yari ashishikajwe n’inyigisho Yesu yatangaga no kugaragaza ko yari Mesiya ndetse n’umwami w’abayuda. Mariko yari ashishikajwe no kugaragaza Yesu nk’umukozi wari ufite imbaraga zo gukora ibitangaza. Luka yari agendereye cyane kugaragaza Yesu nk’umuntu mu gihe Yohana yashakaga kwerekana Kristo nka Yesu wavuye mu ijuru. N’ubwo ari ubutumwa bune butandukanye bwose buvuga inkuru y’umuntu umwe kandi yuzuzanya.
Aba banditsi bose bahuriye ku kuba baritaye cyane ku cyumweru cya nyuma cy’ubuzima bwa Yesu. Ubwo buzima ni ugupfa, guhambwa, kuzuka no kujyanwa mu ijuru, ibi bikaba bigaragaza buryo ki icyo gice aricyo gikomewe cy’ubutumwa bw’akazi bwari bwarazanye Yesu ku isi.
Ingingo nyamukuru y’ubutumwa bwiza bwa Matayo
Ibitabo by’ubutumwa bwiza byose uko ari bine bivuga uko Yesu ari umwana w’Imana. Igitabo cya Matayo cyanditse mu buryo bugaragaza ko Yesu ari Mesiya, umwami w’abayuda, mwene Dawidi, mwene Aburahamu, umukiza wari wahanuwe ko azaza gukiza abisirayeli (Matayo 1:21)
Umwanditsi w’igitabo cya Matayo ntagaragaza neza intego y’igitabo cye nk’uko uwanditse igitabo cya Yohana yabigenje. Gusa umurongo wa mbere w’igitabo ugaragaza impamvu nyamukuru y’igitabo ariyo kwemeza abantu ko Yesu ari Mesiya, mwene Dawidi, mwene Aburahamu. Ibikurikiraho byose ni ibihamya ko ibyo ari ukuri:
Yesu nk’umwana w’Imana: Inda ya Mariya yari inda y’umwuka (Matayo 1:18-20) kandi ubwe yihamirije ko ari umwana wayo ikunda kandi yishimira (Matayo 3:17). Yari Imana yabanaga n’abantu (Matayo 1:23)
Yesu nk’umwami: ni mwene Dawidi (Matayo 1:1). Yesu yigishije abantu kenshi ko ubwami bw’Imana buri hafi (Matayo 4:17) kandi yabibabwiriye mu migani kenshi. Ubutumwa bwa Matayo bugaruka ku bwami bw’Imana kuruta ibindi bitabo byose byavugaga inkuru ya Yesu.
Yesu nk’umucunguzi wanditswe n’abahanuzi: Yesu ni mwene Aburahamu uwo Uwiteka yasezeranije kuzaheramo umugisha amahanga yose. Iki gitabo cyibanda cyane mu kugaragaza uko Yesu yari umwuzuro w’ibyahanuwe byose mu isezerano rya kera kuva avutse (Matayo 1:22-23; Matayo 2:5; Matayo 2:17-18), mu murimo yakoze, kugeza ku gupfa no kuzuka bye.
Ninde wanditse iki gitabo?
Iki gitabo bivugwa ko cyanditswe na Matayo witwaga Lewi umukoresha w’ikoro, umwe mu bari bagize abigishwa ba mbere ba Yesu (Matayo 9:9; Mariko 2:14) akaba yari umwe mu bari bagize intumwa cumi n’ebyiri (Matayo 10:2-3). Uyu akaba yaragendanaga na Kristo bya hafi. Kugendana na Yesu bituma iki gitabo gifatwa nk’inkuru itari mbarirano kuko itandukanye n’igitabo cya Luka cyanditswe n’uwabwiwe nyamara atari ahibereye (Luka 1:1-4).
Uyu Matayo yahamagawe na Yesu ngo amukurikire. Yari azwiho kuba umuhanga cyane no kuba yari afite ubumenyi ku byerekeye idini y’abayuda (Judaism).
Matayo ubwo yari yarasigaye iwabo muri Palestine yigisha abayuda bari barahindutse abakiristo, yageze aho yiyumvamo umuhamagaro, ko agomba kujya kubwiriza ahandi. Nibwo yabonyeko bikenewe ko yandika igitabo cyo kugira ngo abayuda bagenzi be batazibagirwa ibyo babonye, ko Yesu ari Mesiya, mwene Dawidi, mwene Aburahamu, umuhanuzi uruta Mose, umwami wari warahanuwe kuva kera ko azaza gukiza ubwoko bwabo.
Igihe iki gitabo cyandikiwe
Ubutumwa bwiza bwa Matayo bwanditswe mbere y’umwaka wa 70 A.D hari mbere yisenywa ry’urusengero. Ni nyuma yo kwandikwa kw’igitabo cya Mariko ndetse bivugwa ko uwacyanditse yagendeye ku gitabo cy’ubutumwa bwiza uko bwanditswe na Mariko.
Imyandikire y’igitabo
Iki gitabo kigabanijemo ibice bitanu by’ingenzi bingana mu mibare n’ibitabo bitanu Mose yanditse. Kungana mu mibare n’ibitabo bya Mose bigaragaza uko cyanditswe ngo gihamye isohozwa ry’ubuhanuzi bwo mu isezerano rya kera (Matayo 5:17). Ibyo bice uko ari bitanu bihuje kuba bitangizwa n’inkuru runaka zivuga kuri Yesu bigasozwa ni ibibwiriza cyangwa inyigisho ndende zatangwaga na Yesu kubantu babaga baje kumureba cyangwa bamwegereye. Izo nyigisho ushaka wazita ibiterane bikomeye Yesu yabwirizagamo, tubihuje n’ikinyarwanda cy’iki gihe.
Izo nyigisho eshanu ni: Yigishiriza ku musozi (kuva Matayo 5:1 kugeza Matayo 7:29), Yohereza intumwa cumi n’ebyiri (kuva Matayo 9:35 kugeza Matayo 10:42), Aca imigani y’ubwami bw’Imana (Matayo 13:1-52), Imibereho yo mu bwami bw’Imana (Matayo 18:1-35). Itotezwa no kurenganywa by’itorero n’ibimenyetso by’imperuka (kuva Matayo 23:1 kugeza Matayo 26:25)
Ibyo wasanga mu gitabo cya Matayo utasanga ahandi
Ubuzima bwa Yesu akiri uruhinja: kumenyeshwa kwa Yosefu ko Mariya atwite, inkuru y’abanyabwenge baje kuramya Yesu, guhungira umwami Herode mu Misiri, iyicwa ry’abana no guhunguka k’umuryango mutagatifu uvuye mu Misiri.
Ibyo twifashishije twandika iyi nkuru
- Adeyemo, Tokunboh. African bible commentary. Zondervan, 2016
- Copeland, Mark. The gospel of matthew. 2002
- Everett, Garry H. The Gospel of Matthew. 2018
- “Gospel according Matthew”. Encyclopedias Britannica
- The bible. Bibiliya yera, 1993
- Kranz J.(Sep 7, 2018) The Gospel of Matthew: summary and outline. Overviewbible. https://overviewbible.com/matthew/
Umugenzi ujya mu ijuru.
"We believers, we're Princes of heaven"
